Works Quoted

AL. .. Baker, S. J., The Australian Language(Sydney, London, 1945), Angus and Robertson.

BSD. .. Bankoku-singo-dai-zilen (Oosaka, 1935), compiled by Eibun-Ooosaka-Mainiti-gakusyuugoo-hensyuukyoku. (Contains some 27,000 entries of foreign words, mostly E., used in J., but casts its net too wide for its inclusion of a word to be a guarantee that the word is assimilated.)

DGK. .. Ootuki, Dai-Genkai.

DNK. .. Ucda and Matui, Dai-Nihon-kokugo-ziten.

DSU. .. Partridge, Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English.

EDD. .. Wright, English Dialed Dictionary.

GNBZ. i .. Gendai-Nihon-bungaku-zensyuu, vol. i. (This contains ‘ Kanagaki-Robun's ‘ Agura-nabe, from which I have taken one or two examples, though I have not gone through it with care in search of lingo examples.)

H-J. .. Yule and Burnell, Hobson-Jobson.

HMZ. .. ‘Zisyookcn-Syuzin’, Himilu-ziten(Tookyoo, 1920), Tiyoda-syuppanbu.

JL. .. Jespersen, Language.

1898-9 KN I. . Otiai, Kotoba no Izumi (original cd.).

1921 KNI. . Above as revised and enlarged by Haga.

MKZ. .. Kindaiti, Meikai-kokugo-ziten (Tookyoo, 1941), Sanseidoo. (A marvel of accurate compression.)

OED. .. Oxford English Dictionary.

PESS. .. Leland, C. G., Pidgin-English Sing-Song (London, 1876), Trubner.

ZT1. .. Watanabe, Zokugo to Ingo (Tookyoo, 1938), Soobunsya.

MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS

dial. .. dialect.

hon. .. honorific (applied to a word or element showing special respect to person or thing to which it refers—in the case of a v., to the person referred to by its ‘subject’).

I.E. … Indian English (the E. spoken by residents in India).

imp. .. imperative.

mp. … misprint.

P.E. .. Pidgin English.

S-J. … Sino-Japanese (i.c. formed from Ch. clement or elements with the pronunciation they have come to have in J. Not all S-J. compounds are found as compounds in Ch., and senses of elements have sometimes developed in J.),

tnsn. .. translation.

THE ‘ makeshift ’ or ‘ pidgin ’ language here discussed has been usually called in English ‘ the Yokohama dialect ’ or ‘ Yokohama Japanese ’. In Japanese the corresponding ‘ Yokohama-kotdba ’ is sometimes heard, but it is hardly a recognized name, and examples of the language are apt to be dismissed as foreigners’ mistakes.