Introduction

Monitoring and diagnostics in the critical care unit are gradually becoming more complicated and more accurate. This in turn increases the demand for medical training and ability to interpret data. In this setting, ultrasound is becoming an important diagnostic tool. The ultrasound modalities used are body surface scans and semi-invasive scans.

Body surface scans, like ultrasound, for venous access, assessment and drainage of pleural collections, urinary bladder scans, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are practically devoid of direct complications. However, like all diagnostic imaging, they still carry risks of poor image acquisition and incorrect data interpretation. In contrast, the semi-invasive scans like transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) offer better image quality but also carry risks of direct injury.

Ultrasound

Modern ultrasound machines are small, portable and provide excellent resolution and image quality if set up correctly. With training and experience, portable ultrasound in critical care is an important and often used tool. Many units want their own equipment to allow them to carry out bedside assessment on a 24-hour basis, and staff working in critical care should ensure they are trained in both use and interpretation. Particular uses include the following.