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Chapter 30 - Pre-hospital and Trauma Airway Management

from Section 2 - Airway Management: Clinical Settings and Subspecialties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2020

Tim Cook
Affiliation:
Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
Michael Seltz Kristensen
Affiliation:
Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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Summary

Pre-hospital airway management is an essential skill for every pre-hospital clinician and should be performed to the same standards as would be expected in the emergency department. This chapter recommends tailored pre-hospital airway management in terms of clinical care delivered to the patient, skills of the clinician and the infrastructure of emergency medical system to achieve this. The importance of having a standardised, well-rehearsed approach, using aids to reduce cognitive load, articulating a clear airway management plan and having a structured way of handling airway management difficulties is highlighted. The concept of the physiologically difficult airway is discussed and the significance of excellent pre-oxygenation, peroxygenation, first-pass success and post-intubation care is discussed. Backup equipment in the form of second generation supraglottic airway devices, a videolaryngoscope with both standard and hyperangulated blades and equipment for an emergency front of neck airway should be available when advanced pre-hospital airway management is provided. When delivering airway management to trauma patients, an awareness of potential anatomical difficulties combined with careful management of physiological derangement is necessary to deliver safe, high quality care.

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Chapter
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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References

Further Reading

Ångerman, S, Kirves, H, Nurmi, J. (2018). A before-and-after observational study of a protocol for use of the C-MAC videolaryngoscope with a Frova introducer in pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation. Anaesthesia, 73, 348355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crewdson, K, Fragoso‐Iniguez, M, Lockey, DJ. (2019). Requirement for urgent tracheal intubation after traumatic injury: a retrospective analysis of 11,010 patients in the Trauma Audit Research Network database. Anaesthesia, 74, 11581164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gellerfors, M, Fevang, E, Bäckman, A, et al. (2018). Pre‐hospital advanced airway management by anaesthetist and nurse anaesthetist critical care teams: a prospective observational study of 2028 pre‐hospital tracheal intubations. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 120, 11031109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, G, Sowers, N. (2018). Airway management in trauma. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 36, 6184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockey, D, Crewdson, K, Davies, G, et al. (2017). AAGBI: Safer pre-hospital anaesthesia 2017: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia, 72, 379390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehn, M, Hyldmo, PK, Magnusson, V, et al. (2016). Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on pre‐hospital airway management. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60, 852864.Google Scholar

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