Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T10:30:34.784Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Uncertainty in Health and Relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2018

Jennifer A. Theiss
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
Kathryn Greene
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Alzheimer’s Association. (2013). Alzheimer’s association report: 2013 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 9, 561. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.003Google Scholar
Alzheimer’s Association. (2014). Alzheimer’s and dementia caregiver center: Stages/behaviors. Retrieved from: www.alz.org/care/alzheimers-dementia-stages-behaviors.aspGoogle Scholar
Alzheimer’s Association and National Alliance for Caregiving. (2004). Families care: Alzheimer’s caregiving in the United States. Chicago, IL: Author.Google Scholar
Austrom, M. G., & Lu, Y. (2009). Long term caregiving: Helping families of persons with mild cognitive impairment cope. Current Alzheimer Research, 6, 392398. doi: 10.2174/156720509788929291CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D. O., Golish, T. D., & Olsen, L. N. (2002). Contradictions of interaction for wives of elderly husbands with adult dementia. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30, 126. doi: 10.1080/00909880216576Google Scholar
Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., Yee, J. L., & Jackson, S. (2000). Negative and positive health effects of caring for a disabled spouse: Longitudinal findings from the Caregiver Health Effects Study. Psychology and Aging, 15, 259271. doi: 10.1037//0882–7974.15.2.259Google Scholar
Caron, C. D., Griffith, J., & Arcand, M. (2005). End-of-life decision making in dementia: The perspective of family caregivers. Dementia, 4, 113136. doi: 10.1177/1471301205049193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstensen, L. L., Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1995). Emotional behavior in long-term marriage. Psychology and Aging, 10, 140149. doi: 10.1037/0882–7974.10.1.140Google Scholar
Czaja, S. J., & Rubert, M. P. (2002). Telecommunications as an aid to family caregivers of persons with dementia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 469476. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200205000–00011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derksen, E., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Gillissen, F., Olde Rikkert, M., & Scheltens, P. (2006). Impact of diagnostic disclosure in dementia on patients and carers: Qualitative case series analysis. Aging and Mental Health, 10, 525531. doi: 10.1080/13607860600638024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickson, F. C., & Walker, K. L. (2001). The expression of emotion in later-life married men. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 2, 6671.Google Scholar
Evans, D., & Lee, E. (2014). Impact of dementia on marriage: A qualitative systematic review. Dementia, 13, 330349. doi: 10.1177/1471301212473882Google Scholar
Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. (2008). Older Americans 2008: Key indicators of well-being. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Garity, J. (2006). Caring for a family member with Alzheimer’s disease: Coping with caregiver burden post-nursing home placement. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 32, 3948. PMID:16773862Google Scholar
Gaugler, J. E., Kane, R. L., & Kane, R. A. (2002). Family care for older adults with disabilities: Toward more targeted and interpretable research. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 54, 205231. doi: 10.2190/FACK-QE61-Y2J8-5L68Google Scholar
Georges, J., Jansen, S., Jackson, J., Meyrieux, A., Sadowska, A., & Selmes, M. (2008). Alzheimer’s disease in real life—the dementia carer’s story. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 546551. doi: 10.1002/gps.1984Google Scholar
Goodman, C. C. (1999). Intimacy and autonomy in long term marriage. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 32, 8397. doi: 10.1300/J083v32n01_06Google Scholar
Harmell, A. L., Chattillion, E. A., Roepke, S. K., & Mausbach, B. T. (2011). A review of the psychobiology of dementia caregiving: A focus on resilience factors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13, 219224. doi: 10.1007/s11920-011–0187-1Google Scholar
Harwood, J. (2007). Understanding communication and aging: Developing knowledge and awareness. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebert, L. E., Weuve, J., Scherr, P. A., & Evans, D. A. (2013). Alzheimer’s disease in the United States (2010–2050) estimated using the 2010 Census. Neurology, 80, 17781783. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828726f5Google Scholar
Hellstrom, I., Nolan, M., & Lundh, U. (2005). “We do things together”: A case study of couplehood in dementia. Dementia, 4, 722. doi: 10.1177/1471301205049188Google Scholar
Hellstrom, I., Nolan, M., & Lundh, U. (2007). Sustaining “couplehood”: Spouses’ strategies for living with dementia. Dementia, 6, 383409. doi: 10.1177/1471301207081571Google Scholar
Kaplan, L. (2001). A couplehood typology for spouses of institutionalized persons with Alzheimer’s disease: Perceptions of “We”-“I”. Family Relations, 50, 8798. doi: 10.1111/j.1741–3729.2001.00087.xGoogle Scholar
Kelly, A. E., Klusas, J. A., von Weiss, R. T., & Kenny, C. (2001). What is it about revealing secrets that is beneficial? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 651665. doi: 10.1177/0146167201276002Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Carpenter-Theune, K. E. (2004). Topic avoidance in developing romantic relationships: Associations with intimacy and relational uncertainty. Communication Research, 31, 173205. doi: 10.1177/0093650203261516Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2002). Intimacy and the magnitude and experience of episodic relational uncertainty within romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 9, 457478. doi: 10.1111/1475–6811.09406Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2005). Relational uncertainty and relational information processing: Questions without answers? Communication Research, 32, 349388. doi: 10.1177/0093650205275384Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2010). An actor-partner interdependence model of relational turbulence: Cognitions and emotions. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 595619. doi: 10.1177/0265407510368967Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2011). Depressive symptoms and mechanisms of relational turbulence as predictors of relationship satisfaction among returning service members. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 470478. doi: 10.1037/a0024063Google Scholar
Ko, H., & Kuo, F. Y. (2009). Can blogging enhance subjective well-being through self-disclosure? CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12, 7579. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.016Google Scholar
Leustek, J., & Theiss, J. A. (2018). Factors that shape cognitive and behavioral coping among individuals with type 2 diabetes: Features of illness versus features of romantic relationships. Health Communication, 33, 15491559. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384346Google Scholar
Liu, W., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2009). Impact of dementia caregiving: Risks, strains, and growth. In Qualls, S. H. & Zarit, S. H (Eds.), Aging families and caregiving (pp. 85112). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Metlife Mature Marketing Institute. (2006). The MetLife study of Alzheimer’s disease: The caregiving experience. Westport, CT: Author.Google Scholar
Nagy, M. E., & Theiss, J. A. (2013). Applying the relational turbulence model to the empty-nest transition: Sources of relationship change, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners. Journal of Family Communication, 13, 280300. doi: 10.1080/15267431.2013.823430Google Scholar
National Institute on Aging. (2012). Changes in intimacy and sexuality. Retrieved from: www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/intimacy-sexuality-and-alzheimers-disease-resourcelistGoogle Scholar
Pennebaker, J. W., Colder, M., & Sharp, L. K. (1990). Accelerating the coping process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 528537. doi: 10.1037/0022–3514.58.3.528CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239245. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.2.239Google Scholar
Pennebaker, J. W., & O’Heeron, R. C. (1984). Confiding in others and illness rate among spouses of suicide and accidental death victims. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 473476. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.93.4.473Google Scholar
Rollins, D., Waterman, D., & Esmay, D. (1985). Married widowhood. Activities, Adaptation, and Aging, 7, 6771. doi: 10.1300/J016v07n02_08Google Scholar
Sanders, S., & Power, J. (2009). Roles, responsibilities and relationships among older husbands caring for wives with progressive dementia and other chronic conditions. Health and Social Work, 34, 4151. doi: 10.1093/hsw/34.1.41Google Scholar
Schulz, R., & Martire, L. M. (2004). Family caregiving of persons with dementia: Prevalence health effects, and support strategies. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 240249. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.12.3.240Google Scholar
Smith, A. (2014). Older adults and technology use. Retrieved from:www.pewinternet.org/2014/04/03/older-adults-and-technology-use/Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2001). Relationship uncertainty, partner interference, and intimacy in dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 804820. doi: 10.1177/0265407501186004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2004). A model of relational turbulence: The role of intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners in appraisals of irritations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 795816. doi: 10.1177/0265407504047838Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., Knobloch, L. K., Theiss, J. A., & McLaren, R. M. (2016). Relational turbulence theory: Explaining variation in subjective experiences and communication within romantic relationships. Human Communication Research, 42, 507532. doi: 10.1111/hcre.12091Google Scholar
Steuber, K. R., & Solomon, D. H. (2008). Relational uncertainty, partner interference, and infertility: A qualitative study of discourse in online forums. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 831855. doi: 10.1177/0265407508096698Google Scholar
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., Carpenter, A. M., & Leustek, J. (2016). Partner facilitation and partner interference in individuals’ weight loss goals. Qualitative Health Research, 26, 13181330. doi: 10.1177/1049732315583980CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theiss, J. A., Estlein, R., & Weber, K. M. (2013). A longitudinal assessment of relationship characteristics that predict new parents’ relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 20, 216235. doi: 10.1111/j.1475–6811.2012.01406.xGoogle Scholar
Theiss, J. A., Knobloch, L. K., Magsamen-Conrad, K., & Checton, M. (2009). Relationship characteristics associated with the experience of hurt in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 35, 588615. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.2009.01364.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Solomon, D. H. (2006a). Coupling longitudinal data and hierarchical linear modeling to examine the antecedents and consequences of jealousy experiences in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 32, 469503. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.2006.00284.xGoogle Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Solomon, D. H. (2006b). A relational turbulence model of communication about irritations in romantic relationships. Communication Research, 33, 391418. doi: 10.1177/0093650206291482CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurlow, C., Lengel, L., & Tomic, A. (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social interaction and the Internet. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J. M. (2003). Is caregiving hazardous to one’s physical health? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 946972. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.946Google Scholar
Weber, K. M., & Solomon, D. H. (2008). Locating relationship and communication issues among stressors associated with breast cancer. Health Communication, 23, 548559. doi: 10.1080/10410230802465233Google Scholar
Wuest, J., Ericson, P. K., & Stern, P. N. (1994). Becoming strangers: The changing family caregiving relationship in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 20, 437443. doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2648.1994.tb02378.xGoogle Scholar

References

Adams, B. N. (1975). The family: A sociological interpretation (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Afifi, W. A., & Guerrero, L. K. (1998). Some things are better left unsaid II: Topic avoidance in friendships. Communication Quarterly, 46, 231249. doi: 10.1080/01463379809370099Google Scholar
Alzheimer’s Association. (2014). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10, 180. Retrieved from: www.alz.org/downloads/Facts_Figures_2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Babrow, A. S. (1992). Communication and problematic integration: Understanding diverging probability and value, ambiguity, ambivalence, and impossibility. Communication Theory, 2, 95130. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2885.1992.tb00031.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babrow, A. S. (1995). Communication and problematic integration: Milan Kundera’s “lost letters” in The book of laughter and forgetting. Communication Monographs, 62, 283300. doi: 10.1080/03637759509376364.Google Scholar
Babrow, A. S. (1998). Colloquy: Developing multiple process theories of communication. Human Communication Research, 25, 152155. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.1998.tb00440.xGoogle Scholar
Babrow, A. S. (2001). Uncertainty, value, communication, and problematic integration. Journal of Communication, 51, 553573. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02896.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babrow, A. S. (2007). Problematic integration theory. In Whaley, B. B. & Samter, W. (Eds.), Explaining communication: Contemporary theories and exemplars (pp. 181200). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Babrow, A. S., Kasch, C. R., & Ford, L. A. (1998). The many meanings of “uncertainty” in illness: Toward a systematic accounting. Health Communication, 10, 124. doi: 10.1207/s15327027hc1001_1Google Scholar
Babrow, A. S., & Kline, K. N. (2000). From “reducing” to “coping with” uncertainty: Reconceptualizing the central challenge in breast self-exams. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 18051816. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00112-XGoogle Scholar
Bedford, V. H. (1996). Sibling relationships in middle and old age. In Bedford, V. H. & Blieszner, R. (Eds.), Aging and the family: Theory and research (pp. 201222). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Berger, C. R. (1997). Producing messages under uncertainty. In Greene, J. (Ed.), Message production: Advances in communication theory (pp. 221244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1, 99112. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.1975.tb00258.xGoogle Scholar
Boss, P. (2001). Family stress management: A contextual approach (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Bradac, J. J. (2001). Theory comparison: Uncertainty reduction, problematic integration, uncertainty management, and other curious constructs. Journal of Communication, 51, 456476. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02891.xGoogle Scholar
Brashers, D. (2001). Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication, 51, 477497. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02892.xGoogle Scholar
Burleson, B. R., Albrecht, T. L., Goldsmith, D. J., & Sarason, I. G. (1994). The communication of social support. In Burleson, B. R., Albrecht, T. L., & Sarason, I. G. (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. xixxx). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. E., Marsden, P. V., & Hurlbert, J. S. (1986). Social resources and socioeconomic status. Social Networks, 8, 97117. doi: 10.1016/S0378-8733(86)80017-XGoogle Scholar
Caughlin, J. P., & Vangelist, A. L. (2009). Why people conceal or reveal secrets: A multiple goals theory perspective. In Afifi, T. D. & Afifi, W. A (Eds.), Uncertainty and information regulation in interpersonal contexts: Theories and applications (pp. 279299). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Checkovich, T. J., & Stern, S. (2001). Shared caregiving responsibilities of adult siblings with elderly parents. The Journal of Human Resources, 37, 441478. doi: 10.2307/3069678CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Checton, M. G., & Greene, K. (2012). Beyond initial disclosure: The role of prognosis and symptom uncertainty in patterns of disclosure in relationships. Health Communication, 27, 145157. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2011.571755Google Scholar
Cicirelli, V. G. (1991). Sibling relationships in adulthood. In Pfeifer, S. K. & Sussman, M. B. (Eds.), Families: Intergenerational and generational connections (pp. 291310). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Cicirelli, V. G. (1995). Sibling relationships across the lifespan. New York, NY: Plenum Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-6509-0Google Scholar
Connidis, I. A., & Kemp, C. L. (2008). Negotiating actual and anticipated parental support: Multiple sibling voices in three-generation families. Journal of Aging Studies, 22, 229238. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2007.06.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, P. A. (1991). Individual and family life transitions: A proposal for a new definition. In Cowan, P. A. & Herrington, M. (Eds.), Family transitions (pp. 330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Dennis, M. R., Kunkel, A., & Keyton, J. (2008). Problematic integration theory, appraisal theory, and the bosom buddies breast cancer support group. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 36, 415436. doi: 10.1080/00909880802094315Google Scholar
Derlega, V. J., & Chaiken, A. L. (1977). Privacy and self-disclosure in social relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 33, 102115. doi: 10.1111/j.1540.4560.1977.tb01885.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. (1993). Self-disclosure. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Derlega, V. J., Winstead, B. A., Mathews, A., & Braitman, A. (2008). Why does someone reveal highly personal information? Attributions for and against self-disclosure in close relationships. Communication Research Reports, 25, 115130. doi: 10.1080/08824090802021756Google Scholar
Derlega, V. J., Winstead, B. A., Wong, P. T. P., & Greenspan, M. (1987). Self-disclosure and relational development: An attributional analysis. In Roloff, M. E. & Miller, G. R. (Eds.), Interpersonal processes: New directions in communication research (pp. 172187). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Durham, W. T. (2008). The rules-based process of revealing/concealing the family planning decisions of voluntarily child-free couples: A communication privacy management perspective. Communication Studies, 59, 132147. doi: 10.1080/10510970802062451Google Scholar
Fillenbaum, G. G. (1987). Multidimensional functional assessment. In Maddox, G. L. (Ed.), The encyclopedia of aging (pp. 460464). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.Google Scholar
Gill, E., & Morgan, M. (2011). Home sweet home: Conceptualizing and coping with the challenges of aging and the move to a care facility. Health Communication, 26, 332342. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2010.551579CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greene, K. (2009). An integrated model of health disclosure decision-making. In Afifi, T. D. & Afifi, W. A. (Eds.), Uncertainty and information regulation in interpersonal contexts: Theories and applications (pp. 226253). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Greene, K., Carpenter, A., Catona, D., & Magsamen-Conrad, K. (2013). The Brief Disclosure Intervention (BDI): Facilitating African Americans’ disclosure of HIV. Journal of Communication, 63, 138158. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12010Google Scholar
Greene, K., Derlega, V. J., & Mathews, A. (2006). Self-disclosure in personal relationships. In Vangelisti, A. & Perlman, D. (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 409427). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511606632.023Google Scholar
Guerrero, L. K., & Afifi, W. A. (1995a). Some things are better left unsaid: Topic avoidance in family relationships. Communication Quarterly, 43, 276296. doi: 10.1080/01463379509369977Google Scholar
Guerrero, L. K., & Afifi, W. A. (1995b). What parents don’t know: Topic avoidance in parent-child relationships. In Socha, T. J. & Stamp, G. H. (Eds.), Parents, children, and communication: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 219245). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Haines, V. A., Hurlbert, J. S., & Beggs, J. J. (1996). Exploring the determinants of support provision: Provider characteristics, personal networks, community contexts, and support following life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 252264. doi: 10.2307/2137295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, R. (1958). Generic features of families under stress. Social Case Work, 49, 139150.Google Scholar
Hines, S. C., Babrow, A. S., Badzek, L., & Moss, A. (2001). From coping with life to coping with death: Problematic integration for the seriously ill elderly. Health Communication, 13, 327342. doi: 10.1207/S15327027HC1303_6.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Ingersoll-Dayton, B., Neal, M. B., Ha, J. H., & Hammer, L. B. (2003). Redressing inequity in parent care among siblings. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65, 201212. doi: 10.1111/j.1741–3737.2003.00201.xGoogle Scholar
Kellerman, K. (1992). Communication: Inherently strategic and primarily automatic. Communication Monographs, 59, 288300. doi: 10.1080/03637759209376270Google Scholar
Kelly, A. E. (1999). Revealing personal secrets. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 105109. doi: 10.1111/1467–8721.00025Google Scholar
Kelly, A. E. (2002). The psychology of secrets. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. doi: 10.1007/978–1-4615–0683-6Google Scholar
Kelly, A. E., & McKillop, K. J. (1996). Consequences of revealing personal secrets. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 450465. doi: 10.1037/0033–2909.120.3.450Google Scholar
Khodyakov, D., & Carr, D. (2009). The effect of late life parental death on adult sibling relationships: Do parents’ advance directives help or hurt? Research on Aging, 31, 125. doi: 10.1177/0164027509337193Google Scholar
Kramer, B. J., Kavanaugh, M., Trentham-Dietz, A., Walsh, M., & Yonker, J. A. (2009). Predictors of family conflict at the end of life: The experience of spouses and adult children of persons with lung cancer. The Gerontologist, 50, 215225. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnp121Google Scholar
Langer, E. J. (1992). Interpersonal mindlessness and language. Communication Monographs, 59, 324327. doi: 10.1080/03637759209376274Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1983). The costs and benefits of denial. In Breznitz, S. (Ed.), The denial of stress (pp. 130). New York, NY: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Lee, G. R., Netzer, J. K., & Coward, R. T. (1995). Depression among older parents: The role of intergenerational exchange. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 823833. doi: 10.2307/353935Google Scholar
Lieberman, M. A., & Fisher, L. (1999). The effects of family conflict resolution and decision making on the provision of help for an elder with Alzheimer’s disease. The Gerontologist, 39, 159166. doi: 10.1093/geront/39.2.159Google Scholar
Matthews, S. H., & Rosner, T. T. (1988). Share filial responsibility: The family as the primary caregiver. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 185195. doi: 10.2307/352438Google Scholar
Matthias, M. S. (2009). Problematic integration in pregnancy and childbirth: Contrasting approaches to uncertainty and desire in obstetric and midwifery care. Health Communication, 24, 6070. doi: 10.1080/10410230802607008Google Scholar
McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1985). Adolescent stress, coping, and adaptation: A normative family perspective. In Leigh, G. K. & Patterson, G. W. (Eds.), Adolescents in families (pp. 256276). Cincinnati, OH: Southwestern.Google Scholar
Merrill, D. M. (1996). Conflict and cooperation among adult siblings during the transition to the role of filial caregiver. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, 399413. doi: 10.1177/0265407596133006Google Scholar
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA, SAGE.Google Scholar
Mishel, M. H. (1988). The measurement of uncertainty in illness. Nursing Research, 30, 258263. doi: 10.1097/00006199–198109000-00002Google Scholar
Patterson, J. (1988). Families experiencing stress: The family adjustment and adaptation response model. Family Systems Medicine, 5, 202237. doi: 10.1037/h0089739Google Scholar
Pecchioni, L. L. (2001). Implicit decision making in family caregiving. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 219237. doi: 10.1177/0265407501182004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petronio, S. (1991). Communication boundary management: A theoretical model of managing disclosure of private information between married couples. Communication Theory, 1, 311335. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2885.1991.tb00023.xGoogle Scholar
Petronio, S. (2002). Boundaries of privacy: Dialectics of disclosure. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Reddy, M. J. (1979). The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In Ortony, A. (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 284324). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rocca, K. A., & Martin, M. M. (1998). The relationship between willingness to communicate and solidarity with frequency, breadth, and depth of communication in the sibling relationship. Communication Research Reports, 15, 8290. doi: 10.1080/08824099809362100Google Scholar
Roloff, M. E. (1976). Communication strategies, relationships and relational change. In Miller, G. R. (Ed.), Explorations in interpersonal communication (pp. 173195). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Roloff, M. E., & Ifert, D. E. (1998). Antecedents and consequences of explicit agreements to declare a topic taboo in dating relationships. Personal Relationships, 5, 191205. doi: 10.1111/j.1475–6811.1998.tb00167.xGoogle Scholar
Roloff, M. E., & Ifert, D. E. (2000). Conflict management through avoidance: Withholding complaints, suppressing arguments, and declaring topics taboo. In Petronio, S. (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosures (pp. 151163). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2005). Family communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Sillars, A., Canary, D. J., & Tafoya, M. (2004). Communication, conflict, and the quality of family relationships. In Vangelisti, A. (Ed.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 413446). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Steuber, K. R., & Solomon, D. H. (2011). Factors that predict married partners’ disclosures about infertility to social network members. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 39, 250270. doi: 10.1080/00909882.2011.585401Google Scholar
Tonti, M. (1988). Relationships among adult siblings who care for their aged parents. In Kahn, M. D. & Lewis, K. G. (Eds.), Siblings in therapy: Life span and clinical issues (pp. 417434). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Vangelisti, A. L. (1994). Family secrets: Forms, functions and correlates. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 113135. doi: 10.1177/0265407594111007Google Scholar
Venetis, M. K., Greene, K., Magsamen-Conrad, K., Banerjee, S. C., Checton, M. G., & Bagdasarov, Z. (2012). “You can’t tell anyone but …”: Exploring the use of privacy rules and revealing behaviors. Communication Monographs, 79, 344365. doi: 10.1080/03637751.2012.697628Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau (2010). Summary of population and housing. Retrieved from: www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.htmlGoogle Scholar
Walker, M. E., Wasserman, S., & Wellman, B. (1993). Statistical models for social support networks. Sociological Methods and Research, 22, 7198. doi: 10.1177/0049124193022001004Google Scholar
Wellman, B. (1992). Which types of ties and networks provide what kinds of social support? Advances in Group Processes, 9, 207235. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1cd0/ab172b7afbfabb5dfef52df480c984c17fb9.pdfGoogle Scholar

References

Afifi, W. A., & Guerrero, L. K. (1998). Some things are better left unsaid II: Topic avoidance in friendships. Communication Quarterly, 46, 231249. doi: 10.1080/01463379809370099Google Scholar
Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interactions and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1, 99112. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.1975.tb00258.xGoogle Scholar
Brashers, D. E. (2001). Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication, 51, 477497. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02892.xGoogle Scholar
Burman, B., & Margolin, G. (1992). Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: An interactional perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 3963. doi: 10.1037/0033–2909.112.1.39Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2015). Heart disease facts. Retrieved from: www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htmGoogle Scholar
Checton, M. G., & Greene, K. (2014). “I tell my partner everything … (or not)”: Patients’ perceptions of sharing heart-related information with their partner.Journal of Family Nursing, 20, 164184. doi: 10.1177/1074840714521320Google Scholar
Checton, M. G., Greene, K., Magsamen-Conrad, K., & Venetis, M. K. (2012). Patients’ and partners’ perspectives of chronic illness and its management. Families, Systems, & Health, 30, 114129. doi: 10.1037/a0028598Google Scholar
Cousineau, N., McDowell, I., Hotz, S., & Hebert, P. (2003). Measuring chronic patients’ feelings of being a burden to their caregivers. Medical Care, 41, 110118. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000039832.32412.7DGoogle Scholar
Dafoe, W. A., & Colella, T. J. F. (2016). Loneliness, marriage, and cardiovascular health. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 23, 12421244. doi: 10.1177/2047487316643441Google Scholar
Donovan-Kicken, E., & Caughlin, J. P. (2010). A multiple goals perspective on topic avoidance and relationship satisfaction in the context of breast cancer. Communication Monographs, 77, 231256. doi: 10.1080/03637751003758219Google Scholar
Donovan-Kicken, E., & Caughlin, J. P. (2011). Breast cancer patients’ topic avoidance and psychological distress: The mediating role of coping. Journal of Health Psychology, 16, 596606. doi: 10.1177/1359105310383605Google Scholar
Greene, K., Magsamen-Conrad, K., Venetis, M. K., Checton, M. G., Bagdasarov, Z., & Banerjee, S. C. (2012). Assessing health diagnosis disclosure decisions in relationships: Testing the disclosure decision-making model. Health Communication, 27, 356368. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2011.586988Google Scholar
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540544. doi: 10.1126/science.3399889Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K. (2007). Perceptions of turmoil within courtship: Associations with intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 363384. doi: 10.1177/0265407507077227Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Carpenter-Theune, K. E. (2004). Topic avoidance in developing romantic relationships. Communication Research, 21, 173205. doi: 10.1177/0093650203261516Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Knobloch-Fedders, L. M. (2010). The role of relational uncertainty in depressive symptoms and relationship quality: An actor-partner interdependence model. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 137159. doi: 10.1177/0265407509348809Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., & Durbin, C. E. (2011). Depressive symptoms and relational uncertainty as predictors of reassurance-seeking and negative feedback-seeking in conversation. Communication Monographs, 78, 437462. doi: 10.1080/03637751.2011.618137Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., Sharabi, L. L., Delaney, A. L., & Suranne, S. M. (2016). The role of relational uncertainty in topic avoidance among couples with depression. Communication Monographs, 83, 2548. doi: 10.1080/03637751.2014.998691Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2004). Interference and facilitation from partners in the development of interdependence within romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 11, 115130. doi: 10.1111/j.1475–6811.2004.00074.xGoogle Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2010). An actor-partner interdependence model of relational turbulence: Cognitions and emotions. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 595619. doi: 10.1177/0265407510368967Google Scholar
Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2011). Relational uncertainty and relationship talk within courtship: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model. Communication Monographs, 78, 326. doi: 10.1080/03637751.2010.542471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leustek, J., & Theiss, J. A. (2018). Factors that shape cognitive and behavioral coping among individuals with type 2 diabetes: Features of illness versus features of romantic relationships. Health Communication, 33, 15491559. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384346Google Scholar
Mishel, M. H. (1988). Uncertainty in illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20, 225232. doi: 10.1111/j.1547–5069.1988.tb00082.xGoogle Scholar
Mishel, M. H. (1997). Uncertainty in illness scales manual. Available from M. Mishel at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, School of Nursing.Google Scholar
Orth-Gomer, K., Wamala, S. P., Horsten, M., Schenck-Gustafsson, K., Schneiderman, N., & Mittleman, M. A. (2000). Marital stress worsens prognosis in women with coronary heart disease. The Stockholm female coronary risk study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 30083014. doi: 10.1001/jama.284.23.3008Google Scholar
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, K. W., Saab, P. G., & Kubzansky, L. (2005). The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45, 637651. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.005Google Scholar
Ruiz, J. M., Matthews, K. A., Scheier, M. F., & Schulz, R. (2006). Does who you marry matter for your health? Influence of patients’ and spouses’ personality on their partners’ psychological well-being following coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 255267. doi: 10.1037/0022–3514.2.255Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2001). Relationship uncertainty, partner interference, and intimacy within dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 804820. doi: 10.1177/0265407501186004Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2004). A model of relational turbulence: The role of intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners in appraisals of irritations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 795816. doi: 10.1177/0265407504047838Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., Knobloch, L. K., Theiss, J. A., & McLaren, R. M. (2016). Relational turbulence theory: Explaining variation in subjective experiences and communication within romantic relationships. Human Communication Research, 42, 507532. doi: 10.1111/hcre.12091Google Scholar
Solomon, D. H., & Theiss, J. A. (2008). A longitudinal test of the relational turbulence model of romantic relationship development. Personal Relationships, 15, 339357. doi: 10.1111/j.1475–6811.2008.00202.xGoogle Scholar
Steuber, K. R., & Solomon, D. H. (2008). Relational uncertainty, partner interference, and infertility: A qualitative study of discourse within online forums. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 831855. doi: 10.1177/0265407508096698Google Scholar
Steuber, K. R., & Solomon, D. H. (2011). Factors that predicted married couples’ disclosures about infertility to social network members. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 39, 250270. doi: 10.1080/00909882.2011.585401Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., Carpenter, A., & Cox, J. (2015, May). Relationship characteristics that predict communication about weight loss and efficacy to achieve weight loss goals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, San Juan, Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., Carpenter, A. M., & Leustek, J. (2016). Partner facilitation and partner interference in individuals’ weight loss goals. Qualitative Health Research, 26, 1830. doi: 10.1177/1049732315583980Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Estlein, R. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of the perceived threat of sexual communication: A test of the relational turbulence model. Western Journal of Communication, 78, 404425. doi: 10.1080/10570314.2013.845794Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Knobloch, L. K. (2009). An actor-partner interdependence model of irritations in romantic relationships. Communication Research, 36, 510536. doi: 10.1177/0093650209333033Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Knobloch, L. K. (2013). A relational turbulence model of military service members’ relational communication during reintegration. Journal of Communication, 63, 11091129. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12059Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., Knobloch, L. K., Checton, M. G., & Magsamen-Conrad, K. (2009). Relationship characteristics associated with the experience of hurt in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 35, 588615. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.2009.01364.xGoogle Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Nagy, M. E. (2012). A cross-cultural test of the relational turbulence model: Relationship characteristics that predict turmoil and topic avoidance for Koreans and Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29, 545565. doi: 10.1177/0265407512443450Google Scholar
Theiss, J. A., & Solomon, D. H. (2006). Coupling longitudinal data and multilevel modeling to examine the antecedents and consequences of jealousy experiences in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 32, 469503. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2958.2006.00284.xGoogle Scholar
Venetis, M. K., Magsamen-Conrad, K., Checton, M. G., & Greene, K. (2014). Cancer communication and partner burden: An exploratory study. Journal of Communication, 64, 82102. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12069Google Scholar
Wang, H. X., Leineweber, C., Kirkeeide, R., Svane, B., Schenck-Gustafsson, K., Theorell, T., & Orth-Gomer, K. (2007). Psychosocial stress and atherosclerosis: Family and work stress accelerate progression of coronary disease in women. The Stockholm female coronary angiography study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261, 245254. doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2796.2006.01759.xGoogle Scholar
Weber, K. M., & Solomon, D. H. (2008). Locating relationship and communication issues among stressors associated with breast cancer. Health Communication, 23, 548559. doi: 10.1080/10410230802465233Google Scholar

References

Afifi, W. A., Afifi, T. D., Robbins, S., & Nimah, N. (2013). The relative impacts of uncertainty and mothers’ communication on hopelessness among Palestinian refugee youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 495504. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12051Google Scholar
Afifi, T. D., Davis, S., Merrill, A. F., Coveleski, S., Denes, A., & Afifi, W. A. (2015). In the wake of the great recession: Economic uncertainty, communication, and biological stress responses in families. Human Communication Research, 41, 268302. doi: 10.1111/hcre.12048Google Scholar
Albrecht, T. L., & Adelman, M. B. (1987). Communicating social support. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Avelin, P., Gyllenswärd, G., Erlandsson, K., & Rådestad, I. (2014). Adolescents’ experiences of having a stillborn half-sibling. Death Studies, 38, 557562. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2013.809034Google Scholar
Babrow, A. S., & Kline, K. N. (2000). From “reducing” to “coping with” uncertainty: Reconceptualizing the central challenge in breast self-exams. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 18051816. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)0012-XGoogle Scholar
Baxter, L. A., & Braithwaite, D. O. (2006). “You’re my parent but you’re not”: Dialectical tensions in stepchildren’s perceptions about communicating with the nonresidential parent. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 34, 3048. doi: 10.1080/00909880500420200Google Scholar
Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D. O., Bryant, L., & Wagner, A. (2004). Stepchildren’s perceptions of the contradictions in communication with stepparents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 447467. doi: 10.1177/026540750404481Google Scholar
Baxter, L. A., Braithwaite, D. O., Koenig Kellas, J., LeClair-Underberg, C., Normand, E. L., Routsong, T., & Thatcher, M. (2009). Empty ritual: Young-adult stepchildren’s perceptions of the remarriage ceremony. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26, 467487. doi: 10.1177/02654070509350872Google Scholar
Berger, C. R. (Ed.). (1979). Beyond initial interactions: Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1, 99112. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2658.1975.tb00258.xGoogle Scholar
Biank, N. M., & Werner-Lin, A. (2011). Growing up with grief: Revisiting the death of parent over the life course. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 63, 271290. doi: 10.2190/OM.63.3.eGoogle Scholar
Boelen, P. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty and emotional distress following the death of a loved one. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23, 471478. doi: 10.1080/10615800903494135Google Scholar
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59, 2028. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20Google Scholar
Bonanno, G. A., Wortman, C. B., Lehman, D. R., Tweed, R. G., Haring, M., Sonnega, J., … Nesse, R. M. (2002). Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 11501164. doi: 10.1037/0022–3514.83.5.1150Google Scholar
Bosticco, C., & Thompson, T. (2005). The role of communication and story telling in the family grieving system. Journal of Family Communication, 5, 255278. doi: 10.1207/s15327698jfc0504_2Google Scholar
Bradac, J. J. (2001). Theory comparison: Uncertainty reduction, problematic integration, uncertainty management, and other curious constructs. Journal of Communication, 51, 456476. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02891.xGoogle Scholar
Brashers, D. E. (2001). Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication, 51, 477497. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02892.xGoogle Scholar
Brashers, D. E. (2007). Theory of communication and uncertainty management. In Whaley, B. B. & Samter, W. (Eds.), Explaining communication: Contemporary theories and exemplars (pp. 223242). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Brashers, D. E., Neidig, J. L., Haas, S. M., Dobbs, L. K., Cardillo, L. W., & Russell, J. A. (2000). Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS. Communication Monographs, 67, 6384. doi: 10.1080/03637750009376495Google Scholar
Burleson, B. R. (2008). What counts as effective emotional support? In Motley, M. T. (Ed.), Studies in applied interpersonal communication (pp. 207227). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Burleson, B. R., & MacGeorge, E. L. (2002). Supportive communication. In Knapp, M. L. & Daly, J. A. (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (pp. 374424). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Carroll, B., & Landry, K. (2010). Logging on and letting out: Using social online networks to grieve and mourn. Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Science, 30, 341349. doi: 10.1177/0270467610380006Google Scholar
Casarett, D., Kutner, J. S., & Abraham, J. (2001). Life after death: A practical approach to grief and bereavement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 134, 208215. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00012Google Scholar
Chiriboga, D. A., Brierton, P., Krystal, S., & Pierce, R. C. (1982). Antecedents of symptom expression during marital separation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 732741. doi: 10.1002/1097–4679(198210)38:4<732::AID-JCLP2270380407>3.0.CO;2–3Google Scholar
Cohen, S., & Willis, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310357. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.29Google Scholar
Coyne, J. C., Ellard, J. H., & Smith, D. A. (1990). Social support, interdependence, and the dilemmas of helping. In Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 129149). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
DeLorme, D. E., & Huh, J. (2009). Seniors’ uncertainty management of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising usefulness. Health Communication, 24, 494503. doi: 10.1080/10410230903104277Google Scholar
Fernside. (2016). Retrieved on June 9, 2016 from www.fernside.org/.Google Scholar
Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., & Hesse, C. (2008). The biology of human communication. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.Google Scholar
Gear, R. (2014). Bereaved parents’ perspectives on informal social support: “What worked for you?” Journal of Loss and Trauma, 19, 173188. doi: 10.1080/15325024.2013.763548Google Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2001). A normative approach to the study of uncertainty and communication. Journal of Communication, 51, 514533. doi: 10.1111/j.1460–2466.2001.tb02894.xGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J. (2004). Communicating social support. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, D. J., & Albrecht, T. L. (2011). Social support, social networks, and health. In Thompson, T. L., Parrott, R. L., & Nussbaum, J. F. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of health communication (2nd ed., pp. 335348). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Greco, V., & Roger, D. (2003). Uncertainty, stress, and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 10571068. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00091–0Google Scholar
Halne, R. A., Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I. N., & Wolchik, S. A. (2008). Evidence-based practices for parentally bereaved children and their families. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 113121. doi: 10.1037/0735–7028.39.2.113Google Scholar
Hastings, S. O. (2000). Self-disclosure and identity management in bereaved parents. Communication Studies, 51, 352371. doi: 10.1080/10510970009388531Google Scholar
Holmstrom, A. J., Burleson, B. R., & Jones, S. M. (2005). Some consequences for helpers who deliver “cold comfort”: Why it’s worse for women than men to be inept when providing emotional support. Sex Roles, 53, 153172. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005–5676-4Google Scholar
Howell, K. H., Shapiro, D. N., Layne, C. M., & Kaplow, J. B. (2015). Individual and psychosocial mechanisms of adaptive functioning in parentally bereaved children. Death Studies, 39, 296306. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2014.951497Google Scholar
Kaplow, J. B., Layne, C. M., Saltzman, W. R., Cozza, S. J., & Pynoos, R. S. (2013). Using multidimensional grief theory to explore the effects of deployment, reintegration, and death on military youth and families. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 16, 322340. doi: 10.1007/s10567-013–0143-1Google Scholar
Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2011). Qualitative communication research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Mancini, A., & Bonanno, G. (2009). Predictors and parameters of resilience to loss: Toward an individual differences model. Journal of Personality, 77, 18061831. doi: 10.1111/j.1467–6494.2009.00601.xGoogle Scholar
Mishel, M. H. (1988). Uncertainty in illness. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20, 225231. doi: 10.1111/j.1547–5069.1988.tb00082.xGoogle Scholar
Mishel, M. H., & Braden, C. J. (1987). Uncertainty. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 9, 4357. doi: 10.1177/019394598700900106Google Scholar
Monat, A., Averill, J. R., & Lazarus, R. S. (1972). Anticipatory stress and coping reactions under various conditions of uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 237253. doi: 10.1037/h0033297Google Scholar
Nader, K. O., & Layne, C. M. (2009). Maladaptive grieving in children and adolescents: Discovering developmentally linked differences in the manifestation of grief. Traumatic Stress Points, 23, 1215.Google Scholar
Petronio, S. (2007). Translational research endeavors and the practices of communication privacy management. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35, 218222. doi: 10.1080/00909880701422443Google Scholar
Petronio, S. (2013). Brief status report on communication privacy management theory. Journal of Family Communication, 13, 614. doi: 10.1080/15267431.2013.743426Google Scholar
Priem, J. S., & Solomon, D. H. (2011). Relational uncertainty and cortisol responses to hurtful and supportive messages from a dating partner. Personal Relationships, 18, 198223. doi: 10.1111/j.1475–6811.2011.01353.xGoogle Scholar
Reif, L. V., Patton, M. J., & Gold, P. B. (1995). Bereavement, stress, and social support in members of a self-help group. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 292306. doi: 10.1002/1520–6629(199510)23:4<292::AID-JCOP2290230403>3.0.CO;2-YGoogle Scholar
Rossetto, K. R. (2015). Developing conceptual definitions and theoretical models of coping in military families during deployment. Journal of Family Communication, 15, 249268. doi: 10.1080/15267431.2015.1043737Google Scholar
Santacroce, S. J. (2003). Parental uncertainty and posttraumatic stress in serious childhood illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35, 4551. doi: 10.1111/j.1547–5069.2003.00045.xGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, D. N., Howell, K. H., & Kaplow, J. B. (2014). Associations among mother–child communication quality, childhood maladaptive grief, and depressive symptoms. Death Studies, 38, 172178. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2012.738771Google Scholar
Supiano, K. P. (2012). Sense-making in suicide survivorship: A qualitative study on the effect of grief support group participation. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 17, 489507. doi: 10.1080/15325024.2012.665298Google Scholar
Szymanowska, J. (2014). A child in the face of a parent’s death: Aspects of children’s loneliness. Progress in Health Sciences, 4, 118123.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. E., & Booth-Butterfield, M. (1995). Perceptions of deception, divorce disclosures, and communication satisfaction with parents. Western Journal of Communication, 59, 228245. doi: 10.1080/10570319509374519Google Scholar
Toller, P. W. (2011). Bereaved parents’ experiences of supportive and unsupportive communication. Southern Communication Journal, 76, 1734. doi: 10.1080/10417940903159393Google Scholar
Toller, P. W., & McBride, M. C. (2013). Enacting privacy rules and protecting disclosure recipients: Parents’ communication with children following the death of a family member. Journal of Family Communication, 13, 3245. doi: 10.1080/15267431.2012.742091Google Scholar
Wolchik, S. A., Yue, M., Tein, J., Sandler, I. N., & Ayers, T. S. (2008). Parentally bereaved children’s grief: Self-system beliefs as mediators of the relations between grief and stressors and caregiver-child relationship quality. Death Studies, 32, 597620. doi: 10.1080/07481180802215551Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×