This chapter describes British efforts to staunch an uprising inspired by chief Pontiac among former French Indigenous allies on the fur trade frontier following the Seven Years’ War. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 excluded settlement from what was deemed “Indian Territory” in the interior of the continent but the boundary did not last long. Efforts to accommodate the new colony of Quebec bore fruit in the Quebec Act (1774), in which French civil law was restored, seigneurial land tenure recognized, and Roman Catholics appointed to administrative positions. Great Britain’s loss of thirteen colonies in 1783 after a bitterly fought war with the United States led to a reorganization of what was left of British North America, carving two new colonies out of Nova – Cape Breton and New Brunswick – in 1784 and dividing Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791, to accommodate the American Loyalists and other immigrants. This chapter examines political and social developments that led the colonies ceded to Britain by France in 1713 and 1763 to remain in the British Empire in 1783 and to escape falling into the hands of the United States which invaded Upper and Lower Canada during the War of 1812.