Index
actors (policy)
characteristics of, 55
EU institutions, , 104, , , , , , ,
foreign governments/third countries, , ,
governing parties, , , ,
national governments, , , , , , ,
opposition parties, , , , 144, ,
supranational organizations, , , , 365
Alfano, Angelino,
Algeria, 111
analysis
discourse (speech), 60,
framework of, ,
protest event (PEA), 47
time series cross section (TSCS), 224,
Anglican Church, 139
Anne Will (TV talk show), 285
Arab Spring, 71
Austria, 5, 263, 270, 286, 302
2016 presidential elections, 261
asylum applications (statistics), 68,
asylum regime,
historical development,
framing of refugee crisis in,
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes, ,
party system, 338,
policy conflicts (refugee crisis)
actors,
intragovernmental,
partisan, , ,
societal, 105,
supranational (vertical), , 247
policy episodes (refugee crisis), , , 159
Willkommenskultur (welcome culture), 105
Belarus,
Berlusconi, Silvio, 351
Besancenot, Olivier,
borders/boundaries
as prerequisite for political community,
Canada
asylum policy, 68
CDS – People’s Party (Portugal), 328
Ciotti, Eric, 145
Civic Democratic Party (ODS, Czechia), 302
climate change, 226
coalition(s)
Collomb, Gérard, 113
Corbyn, Jeremy, 146,
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), 23
Covid-19 crisis, 4, 101, 103, 113, 258, 303, 314, 356, 373, 374
comparisons with refugee crisis, 26
intergovernmental coordination in, 11
crisis
Democratic Coalition (Hungary),
Denmark, 112
Der Spiegel, 148
di Maio, Luigi, 190
Dobrindt, Alexander, 270
Dreyer, Malu, 149
Dublin regulation, 22, 27, 63, 64, 66, 67, 90, 104, 152, 154, 165, 245, 261, 268, 362, 363, See also EU asylum policy: burden-sharing
Dubs, Alfred (Lord Dubs), 113
Elliniki Lisi (Greek Solution) party
framing of refugee crisis,
Estonia, 290
EU asylum policy. See also Dublin regulation
conflict structures in,
crisis management in, 356
episodes (refugee crisis)
EU-Libya agreement (2016–20), 46, , , , ,
European Asylum Support Office, 291
European Refugee Fund, 67
historical development,
Pact on Migration and Asylum, 101
public opinion, ,
transnational polarization,
Temporary Protection Directive (2001), 376
EU Emergency Support Instrument, 291
EU institutions. See also individual organizations
limited competences of, 35
policy conflicts among, 156
EU policymaking
and “defensive integration”, 357
and European integration, , 243
foreign affairs, 98
French leadership in, 32
long-term impact of refugee crisis on, 374
member states and
national identities, 11
partisan competition and,
transjurisdictional interventions, , , , 369
under crisis conditions, ,
EU Trust Fund for Africa, 100
Euro (currency), 352
European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG)
creation of (2016), , 245
debates over jurisdiction, 102
jurisdiction debates, 100
European Commission, 27, 31, 39, 63, 97, , 104, , 125, 138, 143, 144, 156, 157, 253, 261, 263, 290, 362
Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs, 66
New Pact on Migration and Asylum (2020),
European Council on Refugees and Exiles, 372
European People’s Party (EPP), 266
European Refugee Fund, 67
European Union (EU). See also EU policymaking; EU asylum policy; member states
foreign policymaking, 98
humanitarian and development aid, 294
migration governance, 65
relations with Libya,
rule-of-law crisis, 375
Europol, 99
Fahimi, Yasmin, 149
Farage, Nigel, 60
Fico, Robert (Slovakian politician), 266
Fico, Roberto (Italian politician), 263
framing
discourse (speech) analysis and,
of refugee crisis, 367
by center-right actors, , 196, ,
efficiency-utilitarian frames,
international solidarity frames, 193
by the radical right, , 196, , ,
theories of,
France, 5, 66, 270, 290, 302
2017 presidential elections, , 338
asylum applications (statistics),
asylum regime,
historical development, 69
EU Presidency (2022), 373
framing of refugee crisis in,
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes, ,
leadership in EU policymaking, 32
party system,
policy conflicts (refugee crisis)
intragovernmental,
partisan, 112, , , ,
societal, 112,
supranational (vertical), , 247
policy episodes (refugee crisis), , , 159
Free Democratic Party (Germany), 329
Galinos, Spyros,
Gauland, Alexander, 60
Geo Barents (rescue vessel), 373
Germany, 5, 37, 66, 302, 377
asylum regime,
“Aussiedler” refugees, 63
EU presidency(2022), 294
Eurozone crisis, 32
fascist legacies, 82
Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF), 69
framing of refugee crisis in,
as “hobbled hegemon”, 171
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes, ,
New Year’s Eve attacks (2015–16), 111
party system, 107,
policy conflicts (refugee crisis),
intragovernmental, 111, , , , ,
partisan, , ,
societal, , , 283
supranational (vertical), , 247
transnational (horizontal),
Greece, 5, 37, 270, 302
asylum applications (statistics),
diaspora, 70
framing of refugee crisis in,
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes,
migrant “pushbacks”, 293
as object of EU policymaking, 245
policy conflicts (refugee crisis),
externalized, 374
intragovernmental,
partisan, ,
societal,
supranational (vertical), , 155, ,
policy episodes (refugee crisis), , 159
EU hotspot policy (2015–16),
European Border and Coast Guard (2015–19),
EU-Turkey agreement (2015–16), ,
Greens party (Austria), 81
Gulyás, Gergely, 143
Gyurcsány, Ferenc, 192
Häupl, Michael, 184
Hofer, Norbert, 261
Holz, Thomas, 148
Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), 192
Hungary, 5, 165, 263, 302, 330
Asylum Act (2007), 72
asylum applications (statistics), 73
asylum regime,
historical development,
Budapest Keleti station closure (2015), 3
framing of refugee crisis in,
as illiberal democracy, 375
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes, ,
policy conflicts (refugee crisis)
actors, ,
intragovernmental,
partisan, 93, , , ,
societal, , , ,
supranational (vertical), , , , 247,
transnational (horizontal), 105, ,
public opinion
EU asylum policy,
immigration, ,
transition to democracy, 72
identity
European
as discursive frame, 143, ,
immigration issue(s)
partisan competition over,
political salience of, , , , 363
radical right politicization of, 122,
partisan competition over,
issue(s)
direction, 223
Italy, 5, 66
2013 elections, 337
asylum applications (statistics),
asylum regime,
historical development,
Bossi-Fini Law (2002), 71
framing of refugee crisis in,
immigration issue
political salience, ,
public attitudes, ,
policy conflicts (refugee crisis),
intragovernmental,
partisan, , ,
societal, ,
supranational (vertical), , 247,
radical right in, , , , , , , 376
Turco–Napolitano Law (1998), 71
Jordan, 295
Kammenos, Panos, 253
Kern, Christian, 161
Kindertransport (Second World War), 114
Kotzias, Nikos, 255
Kövér, László, 266
Kramp-Karrenbauer, Annegret, 149
Kurdi, Alan
death of,
La France Insoumise party, 352
Lázár, János, 143
Lebanon, 295
Les Républicains party, , 150
Liberal Democrats (UK), 174
coalition with Conservatives (2010–15), 139
governing coalition with Conservatives (2010–15), 70
Lifeline (rescue vessel), 263
Lisbon Treaty, 66
Lithuania, 290
LMP–Hungary’s Green Party, 192
Lukashenko, Alexander
weaponization of migration,
Luxembourg
EU presidency (2015), 157
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