This chapter is a synthesis of the findings about the relationship between cognitive control and language. It provides a more holistic picture about this relationship with particular attention to the heterogeneity of the participants and the shortage of sufficiently sensitive, valid tasks. The discussion is centered around the need for more studies using an individual-differences approach and the ways this approach may be combined with experimental designs to provide a method within which variability in performance is viewed as key information. The findings suggest that we must broaden the language spectrum in our studies to include speakers of various languages at a variety of proficiency and ability levels. Additional focus is placed on the need for interprofessional collaborations among researchers across disciplines, as well as between researchers and practitioners and educators, in order to enhance our diagnostic and classification accuracy and to decrease the inconsistencies in findings across studies.