Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T11:40:35.064Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 3 - Approaches to Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2020

Julian C. Hughes
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Philippa Lilford
Affiliation:
Severn Deanery, University of Bristol
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Prince, M, Knapp, M, Guerchet, M, et al. Dementia UK: Update Second Edition. King’s College London and London School of Economics for Alzheimer’s Society, 2014. Last accessed 13th October 2019 via: www.alzheimers.org.uk/sites/default/files/migrate/downloads/dementia_uk_update.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hill, L, Roberts, G, Wildgoose, J, Perkins, R, Hahn, S. Recovery and person-centred care in dementia: common purpose, common practice? Adv Psychiatr Treat 2010; 16: 288–98.\CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych). Person-Centred Care: Implications for Training in Psychiatry [CR215]. RCPsych Person-Centred Training and Curriculum (PCTC) Scoping Group and the Special Committee on Professional Practice and Ethics, 2018. Last accessed on 9 September 2019 via: www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/college-reports/college-report-cr215.pdf?sfvrsn=7863b905_2.Google Scholar
Dept of Health. Prime Minister’s Challenge on Dementia 2020. London: Department of Health, 2015. Last accessed on 13 September 2019 via: www.gov.uk/government/publications/prime-ministers-challenge-on-dementia-2020Google Scholar
Kitwood, T. Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First. Open University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Kitwood, T. Positive long-term changes in dementia: some preliminary observations. J of Mental Health 1995; 4: 133–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health. No Health Without Mental Health: A Cross- government Mental Health Outcomes Strategy for People of All Ages. HM Government, 2011.Google Scholar
Antony, W. (1993) Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosoc Rehabil J 1993; 16: 1123.Google Scholar
Daley, S, Newton, D, Slade, M, Murray, J, Banerjee, S. Development of a framework for recovery in older people with mental disorder. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2013; 28: 522–9.Google Scholar
Repper, J, Perkins, R. Social Inclusion and Recovery. Ballière Tindall, 2003.Google Scholar
Shepherd, G, Boardman, J, Slade, M. Making Recovery a Reality. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2008.Google Scholar
Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE). Assessing the Mental Health Needs of Older People (Adults’ Services: SCIE Guide 03). SCIE, 2006.Google Scholar
Elwyn, G. Salzburg statement on shared decision making. Salzburg Global Seminar. BMJ 2011; 342: d1745.Google Scholar
Department of Health. Independence, Choice and Risk: A Guide to Best Practice in Supported Decision Making. Department of Health, 2007.Google Scholar
Alakeson, V, Perkins, R. Recovery, Personalisation and Personal Budgets. Centre for Mental Health, 2012.Google Scholar
Baker, E, Fee, J, Bovingdon, L, et al. From taking to using medication: recovery-focused prescribing and medicines management. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2013; 19: 210.Google Scholar
Department of Health. Self Care – A Real Choice. Self Care Support – A Practical Option. Department of Health, 2005.Google Scholar
Department of Health. Our Health, Our Care, Our Say. A New Direction for Community Services (White Paper). The Stationery Office, 2006.Google Scholar
Department of Health. Supporting People with Long-term Conditions to Self Care: A Guide to Developing Local Strategies and Good Practice. The Stationery Office, 2006.Google Scholar
Expert Patients Programme, Community Interest Company. Self Care Reduces Costs and Improves Health – The Evidence. Expert Patients Programme, 2010.Google Scholar
Expert Patients Programme, Community Interest Company. Healthy Lives Equalling Healthy Communities – The Social Impact of Selfmanagement. Expert Patients Programme, 2011.Google Scholar
Barlow, J, Wright, C, Sheasby, J, Turner, A, Hainsworth, J. Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review. Patient Educ Couns 2002; 48: 177–87.Google Scholar
Jonker, AAGC, Comijs, HC, Knipscheer, KC, Deeg, DJ. Promotion of self-management in vulnerable older people: a narrative literature review of outcomes of the chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP). Eur J Ageing 2009; 6: 303–14.Google Scholar
Mountain, GA. Self-management for people with early dementia: an exploration of concepts and supporting evidence. Dementia 2006; 5: 429–46.Google Scholar
Mountain, GA, Craig, CL. What should be in a self-management programme for people with early dementia? Aging Ment Health 2012; 16: 576583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, MC, Papaleontiou, M, Ong, A, et al. Self-management strategies to reduce pain and improve function among older adults in community settings: a review of the evidence. Pain Med 2008; 9: 409–24.Google Scholar
Laakkonen, ML, Kautiainen, H, Holtta, E, et al. Effects of self-management groups for people with dementia and their spouses – randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:752760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craig, C. Journeying through dementia: an occupational approach to supported self-management 2017. www.journeyingthroughdementia.com (accessed 18th March 2019).Google Scholar
Department of Health. Living Well with Dementia: A National Dementia Strategy. Department of Health, 2009.Google Scholar
Slade, M. 100 Ways to Support Recovery: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals. Rethink Recovery Series: Volume 1. Rethink, 2009.Google Scholar
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2010) Wellness Recovery Action Plan. SAMHSA’s National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=208). Accessed 13 March 2013.Google Scholar
Perkins, R, Rinaldi, M. Taking Back Control: Planning Your Own Recovery. South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, 2007.Google Scholar
Copeland, ME, McKay, M. The Depression Workbook: A Guide for Living with Depression and Manic Depression. New Harbinger Publications, 1992.Google Scholar
Leamy, M, Bird, V, Le Boutillier, C, Williams, J, Slade, M. Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis. Br J Psychiatry 2011; 199: 445–52.Google Scholar
Mind. Life and Times of a Supermodel: The Recovery Paradigm for Mental Health. MindThink Report 3. Mind, 2008.Google Scholar
Health Foundation. Evidence: Helping People Help Themselves. Health Foundation, 2011.Google Scholar
McGorry, PD. The concept of recovery and secondary prevention in psychotic disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1992; 26: 317.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (ONS). National Population Projections: 2016-based Statistical Bulletin. ONS, 2016.Google Scholar

References

Hill, L, Roberts, G, Wildgoose, J, Perkins, R, Hahn, S. Recovery and person-centred care in dementia: common purpose, common practice? Adv Psychiatr Treat 2010; 16: 288298.Google Scholar
Roberts, G, Boardman, J. Understanding ‘recovery’. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2013; 19: 400409.Google Scholar
Davidson, L, Rakfeldt, J, Strauss, J. The Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry: Lessons Learned. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.Google Scholar
Deegan, PE. Recovery as a journey of the heart. Psychiatr Rehabil J 1996; 19: 9197.Google Scholar
Anthony, WA. Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosoc Rehabil J 1993; 16: 1123.Google Scholar
Woods, R. Recovery: is it relevant to older people? Signposts 2007; 12: 23.Google Scholar
Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) Practice Guide 2: Assessing the Mental Health Needs of Older People. SCIE, 2006.Google Scholar
Rogers, CR. Client-Centred Therapy: Its Current Practices, Implications and Theory. Houghton Mifflin, 1951.Google Scholar
Kitwood, TM. Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First. Open University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
PRAXIS. Training in psychiatry: making person-centred care a reality. BJPsych Bull 2019; 43: 136140.Google Scholar
Gawande, A. Being Mortal: Illness, Medicine and What Matters in the End. Profile Books, 2014.Google Scholar
Gawande, A. Reith Lectures The Future of Medicine, 2014. Last accessed on 4 May 2020 via: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04v380zGoogle Scholar
Daley, S, Newton, D, Slade, M, Murray, J, Banerjee, S. Development of a framework for recovery in older people with mental disorder, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28: 522529.Google Scholar
Perkins, R, Hill, L, Daley, S, Chappell, M, Rennison, J. ‘Continuing to be Me’ – Recovering a Life with a Diagnosis of Dementia. ImROC, 2016. Last accessed on 23 September 2019 via: https://imroc.org/resources/12-continuing-recovering-life-diagnosis-dementia/Google Scholar
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Mental Health and Social Exclusion. Social exclusion unit report. ODPM Publications, 2004.Google Scholar
Local Government Association and Innovations in Dementia. Developing Dementia Friendly Communities. Learning and Guidance for Local Authorities, Local Government Association, 2012.Google Scholar
Shepherd, G, Boardman, J, Slade, M. Making Recovery a Reality. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2008.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence & Social Care Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Shared Decision Making, 2018. Last accessed on 23 September 2019 via: www.nice.org.uk/about/what-we-do/our-programmes/nice-guidance/nice-guidelines/shared-decision-makingGoogle Scholar
Dooley, J, Bass, N, Livingston, G, McCabe, R. Involving patients with dementia in decisions to initiate treatment: effect on patient acceptance, satisfaction and medication prescription. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 214: 213217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harman, G, Sims, K, Perkins, R. Living Well with Dementia. Life Changes, but Life Goes On… and that Life Can Be a Good Life. Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, 2019.Google Scholar
Mental Health Foundation. Still Going Strong. Mental Health Foundation, 2005.Google Scholar
Cheffey, J, Hill, L, McCullough, C, McCullough, C. Can I facilitate a project when my memory lets me down? The challenges and rewards of co-producing a ‘Living Well with Dementia’ course. Psychology of Older People: FPOP Bull 2017; 137: 1925.Google Scholar
Copeland, ME. Wellness Recovery Action Plan. 1997. Last accessed on 23 September 2019 via: www.mentalhealthrecovery.comGoogle Scholar
The Health Foundation. Shine 2014 Final Report: A Study of the Use of Self-Management Techniques in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, 2015.Google Scholar
Quinn, C, Toms, G, Jones, C, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a self-management group intervention for people with early-stage dementia (The SMART study). Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28: 787800.Google Scholar
Care Services Improvement Partnership, Royal College of Psychiatrists & Social Care Institute for Excellence (CSIP, RCPsych & SCIE). A Common Purpose – Recovery in Future Mental Health Services (Joint Position Paper 08). SCIE, 2007.Google Scholar
Boardman, J, Roberts, G. Risk, Safety and Recovery. ImROC, 2014.Google Scholar
Bradford Dementia Group. DCM 8 User’s Manual: The DCM Method, 8th edition. Bradford, University of Bradford, 2005.Google Scholar
Litherland, R. Developing a National User Movement of People with Dementia. Learning from the Dementia Engagement and Empowerment Project (DEEP). Joseph Roundtree Foundation, 2015.Google Scholar

References

Patel, B, Perera, M, Pendleton, J, Richman, A, Majumdar, B. Psychosocial interventions for dementia: from evidence to practice. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2014; 20: 340349.Google Scholar
Clarkson, P, Hughes, J, Xie, C, et al. Overview of systematic reviews: effective home support in dementia care, components and impacts-Stage 1, psychosocial interventions for dementia. J Adv Nurs 2017; 73: 28452863.Google Scholar
Guss, R, Middleton, J, Beanland, T, et al. A Guide to Psychosocial Interventions in Early Stages of Dementia. British Psychological Society, 2014.Google Scholar
Innes, A, Szymczynska, P, Stark, C. Dementia diagnosis and post-diagnostic support in Scottish rural communities: experiences of people with dementia and their families. Dementia 2012; 13: 233247.Google Scholar
Chancellor, B, Duncan, A, Chatterjee, A. Art therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2014; 39: 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deshmukh, S, Holmes, J, Cardno, A. Art therapy for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD011073.pub2Google Scholar
Hendriks, I, Meiland, F, Gerritsen, D, Dröes, R. Implementation and impact of unforgettable: an interactive art program for people with dementia and their caregivers. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 31: 351362.Google Scholar
Woods, B, O’Philbin, L, Farrell, E, Spector, A, Orrell, M. Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001120.pub3Google Scholar
Aleixo, M, Santos, R, Dourado, M. Efficacy of music therapy in the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: systematic review. J Bras Psiquiatr 2017; 66: 5261.Google Scholar
Noone, D, Stott, J, Aguirre, E, Llanfear, K, Spector, A. Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for people with dementia and anxiety or depression. Aging Ment Health 2018; 23: 12821291.Google Scholar
Ho, R, Sing, J, Lee, P, et al. A music intervention in managing agitation and aberrant motor behaviour among elders with dementia. Gerontologist 2016; 56(Suppl_3): 206–206.Google Scholar
Garridoa, S, Dunne, L, Chang, E, et al. The use of music playlists for people with dementia: a critical synthesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60: 11291142.Google Scholar
Iliff, J. The Glymphatic System in Alzheimer’s Disease. Presentation at: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon. Last accessed on 16 October 2019 via: www.alz.washington.edu/NONMEMBER/FALL15/DIR/Iliff.pdf Also see: Iliff JJ, Chen MJ, Plog BA, et al. Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 2014; 34: 1618016193. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3020-14.2014Google Scholar
Sekiguchi, H, Iritani, S, Fujita, K. Bright light therapy for sleep disturbance in dementia is most effective for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s type dementia: a case series. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17: 275281.Google Scholar
Mitolo, M, Tonon, C, La Morgia, C, et al. Effects of light treatment on sleep, cognition, mood, and behavior in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 46: 371384.Google Scholar
Jimbo, D, Inoue, M, Taniguchi, M, Urakami, K. Specific feature of olfactory dysfunction with Alzheimer’s disease inspected by the Odor Stick Identification Test. Psychogeriatrics 2011; 11: 196204.Google Scholar
Yang, M-H, Lin, L-C, Wu, S-C, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy for the treatment of dementia-associated agitation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15: 93. DOI:10.1186/s12906-015-0612-9Google Scholar
Jakob, A, Collier, L. Sensory enrichment for people living with dementia: increasing the benefits of multisensory environments in dementia care through design. Design Health 2017; 1: 115–33.Google Scholar
Wesenberg, S, Mueller, C, Nestmann, F, Holthoff‐Detto, V. Effects of an animal‐assisted intervention on social behaviour, emotions, and behavioural and psychological symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 19: 219–27.Google Scholar
Zafra-Tanaka, JH, Pacheco-Barrios, K, Tellez, WA, Taype-Rondan, A. Effects of dog-assisted therapy in adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19: 41. DOI:10.1186/s12888-018-2009-zGoogle Scholar
Lamb, SE, Sheehan, B, Atherton, N, et al. Dementia and Physical Activity (DAPA) trial of moderate to high intensity exercise training for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 2018; 361: k1675. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1675Google Scholar
Iuliano, E, di Cagno, A, Cristofano, A, et al. Physical exercise for prevention of dementia (EPD) study: background, design and methods. BMC Public Health 2019; 19: 659. DOI:10.1186/s12889-019-7027-3Google Scholar
Duan, Y, Lu, L, Chen, J, et al. Psychosocial interventions for Alzheimer’s disease cognitive symptoms: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18: 175. DOI:10.1186/s12877-018-0864-6Google Scholar
McDermott, O, Charlesworth, G, Hogervorst, E, et al. Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: a synthesis of systematic reviews. Aging Ment Health 2018; 23: 393403.Google Scholar
Travers, C, MacAndrew, M, Hines, S, et al. The effectiveness of meaningful occupation interventions for people living with dementia in residential aged care: a systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2015; 13: 8799.Google Scholar
Moyle, W, Murfield, J, Jones, C, Beattie, E, Draper, B, Ownsworth, T. Can lifelike baby dolls reduce symptoms of anxiety, agitation, or aggression for people with dementia in long-term care? Findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23: 14421450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantarella, A, Borella, E, Faggian, S, Navuzzi, A, De Beni, R. Using dolls for therapeutic purposes: a study on nursing home residents with severe dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33: 915–25.Google Scholar
Mervin, MC, Moyle, W, Jones, C, et al. The cost-effectiveness of using Paro, a therapeutic robotic seal, to reduce agitation and medication use in dementia: findings from a cluster–randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19: 619–622.e1Google Scholar
Moyle, W, Jones, C, Murfield, J, et al. Using a therapeutic companion robot for dementia symptoms in long-term care: reflections from a cluster-RCT. Aging Ment Health 2017; 23: 329–36.Google Scholar
Czaja, SJ, Lee, CC, Perdomo, D, et al. Community REACH: an implementation of an evidence-based caregiver program. Gerontologist 2018; 58: e130–7.Google Scholar
Brooks, D, Fielding, E, Beattie, E, Edwards, H, Hines, S. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the psychological health and emotional well-being of family carers of people with dementia following residential care placement. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2018; 16: 1240–68.Google Scholar
Evans, S, Evans, S, Brooker, D, et al. The impact of the implementation of the Dutch combined Meeting Centres Support Programme for family caregivers of people with dementia in Italy, Poland and UK. Aging Ment Health 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1544207Google Scholar
Oliveira, D, Orrell, M, Radburn, J. Health-promoting self-care in family carers of people with dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14: P1320.Google Scholar
Godwin, B. Hogewey: a ‘home from home’ in the Netherlands. J Dement Care 2015; 23: 2831.Google Scholar
Woodbridge, R, Sullivan, M, Harding, E, et al. Use of the physical environment to support everyday activities for people with dementia: a systematic review. Dementia 2016; 17: 533–72.Google Scholar
Abraha, I, Rimland, J, Trotta, F, Dell’Aquila, G, Cruz-Jentoft, A, Petrovic, M, et al. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ Open. 2017; 7(3): e012759.Google Scholar
Livingston, G, Kelly, L, Lewis-Holmes, E, Baio, G, Morris, S, Patel, N, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2014; 205(6): 436442.Google Scholar
Scales, K, Zimmerman, S, Miller, S. Evidence-based nonpharmacological practices to address behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The Gerontologist. 2018; 58(suppl_1): S88S102.Google Scholar

References

Barraclough, J. ABC of palliative care. Depression, anxiety, and confusion. Br Med J 1997; 315: 13651368.Google Scholar
Spiess, JL, Northcott, CJ, Offsay, JD, Crossett, JH. Palliative care: something else we can do for our patients. Psychiatr Services 2002; 53: 15251526, 1529.Google Scholar
Black, D, Jolley, D. Slow euthanasia? The deaths of psychogeriatric patients. Br Med J 1990; 300: 13211323.Google Scholar
Black, D, Jolley, D. Deaths in psychiatric care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1991; 6: 489495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addington-Hall, J. Positive Partnerships: Palliative Care for Adults with Severe Mental Health Problems. National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services, 2000.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Robinson, L, Volicer, L. Specialist palliative care in dementia. Br Med J 2005; 330: 5758.Google Scholar
Volicer, L, Rheaume, Y, Brown, J, et al. Hospice approach to the treatment of patients with advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type. JAMA 1986; 256: 22102213.Google Scholar
Volicer, L. The development of palliative care for dementia. Ann Palliat Med 2017; 6: 302305.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Jolley, D, Jordan, A, Sampson, EL. Palliative care in dementia: issues and evidence. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2007; 13: 251260.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2002). WHO Definition of Palliative Care. Available via: www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/ (last accessed 22 October 2019).Google Scholar
McInerney, F, Doherty, K, Bindoff, A, et al. How is palliative care understood in the context of dementia? Results from a massive open online course. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 594602.Google Scholar
Addington-Hall, J. Reaching Out: Specialist Palliative Care for Adults with Non-Malignant Disease. Occasional Paper 14. National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services, 1998.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Gould, V, Lee, D, Blanchard, MR. Differences in care received by patients with and without dementia who died during acute hospital admission: a retrospective case note study. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 187189.Google Scholar
Jolley, D, Baxter, D. Mortality in elderly patients with organic brain disorder enrolled on the Salford Psychiatric Case Register. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12: 11741181.Google Scholar
Mitchell, SL, Kiely, DK, Hamel, MB. Dying with advanced dementia in the nursing home. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 321326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aminoff, BZ, Adunsky, A. Their last 6 months: suffering and survival of end-stage dementia patients. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 597601.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M, Addington-Hall, J, Altmann, D. The experience of dying with dementia: a retrospective study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12: 404409.Google Scholar
Mitchell, SL, Teno, JM, Kiely, DK, et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 15291538.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Candy, B, Davis, S, et al. Living and dying with advanced dementia: a prospective cohort study of symptoms, service use and care at the end of life. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 668681.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Blanchard, MR, Jones, L, Tookman, A, King, M. Dementia in the acute hospital: prospective cohort study of prevalence and mortality. Br J Psychiatry 2009; 195: 6166.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Ritchie, CW, Lai, R, Raven, PW, Blanchard, MR. A systematic review of the scientific evidence for the efficacy of a palliative care approach in advanced dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2005; 17: 3140.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL. Palliative care for people with dementia. Br Med Bull 2010; 96: 159174.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT. Dying with dementia: what we know after more than a decade of research. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2010; 22: 3755.Google Scholar
Shega, JW, Levin, A, Hougham, GW, et al. Palliative excellence in Alzheimer care efforts (PEACE): a program description. J Palliat Med 2003; 6: 315320.Google Scholar
IN-PEACE clinical trial details available via: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03773757 (last accessed 22 October 2019).Google Scholar
Shega, JW, Sachs, GA. Offering supportive care in dementia: reflections on the PEACE programme. In Supportive Care for the Person with Dementia (eds. Hughes, JC, Lloyd-Williams, M, Sachs, GA): 3344. Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Lloyd-Williams, M, Sachs, GA. The principles and practice of supportive care in dementia. In Supportive Care for the Person with Dementia (eds. Hughes, JC, Lloyd-Williams, M, GA Sachs): 301307. Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Jordan, A, Ransom, P, et al. Palliative care and dementia: consensus in North Tyneside. Eur J Palliat Care 2010; 17: 9295.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Radbruch, L, Hertogh, CM, et al. White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care. Palliat Med 2014; 28: 197209.Google Scholar
Poole, M, McLellan, E, Bamford, C, et al. End of life care: a qualitative study comparing the views of people with dementia and family carers. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 631642.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Dekker, NL, Gijsberts, M-JHE, Vermeulen, LH, Mahler, MM, The BA-M. Palliative care for people with dementia in the terminal phase: a mixed-methods qualitative study to inform service development. BMC Palliative Care 2017; 16: 28. Available via: doi 10.1186/s12904-017–0201-4 (last accessed 25 October 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamford, C, Lee, RP, McLellan, E, et al. What enables good end of life care for people with dementia? A multi-method qualitative study with key stakeholders. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18: 302. Available via: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0983-0 (last accessed 20 October 2019).Google Scholar
Volicer, L, Collard, A, Hurley, A, Bishop, C, Kern, D, Kanon, S. Impact of special care units for patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease on patient discomfort and costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42: 597603.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, J. Development of a Quality Specialist Continuing Care Service for Older Adults (Unpublished PhD Thesis). King’s College London, 2018.Google Scholar
Tapley, M, Regan, A, Jolley, D. Hospice: putting the heart back into dementia care. J Dement Care 2013; 21: 1415.Google Scholar
Wigan and Leigh Hospice. ‘Hospice in Your Care Home’. Available via: www.wlh.org.uk/hospice-services/hospice-in-your-care-home/ (last accessed 26 October 2019).Google Scholar
St. Cuthbert’s Hospice, Durham, England. ‘Supporting People with Dementia, Their Families and Carers’. Available via: www.stcuthbertshospice.com/215/2/St-Cuthberts-Hospice-Dementia-Support (last accessed 26 October 2019).Google Scholar
Simard, J, Volicer, L. Namaste care and dying in institutional settings. In Supportive Care for the Person with Dementia (eds. Hughes, JC, Lloyd-Williams, M, Sachs, GA): 291299. Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Stacpoole, M, Hockley, J, Thompsell, A, Simard, J, Volicer, L. Implementing the Namaste Care Program for residents with advanced dementia: exploring the perceptions of families and staff in UK care homes. Ann Palliat Med 2017; 6: 327339.Google Scholar
Scott, S, Pace, V. The first 50 patients: a brief report on the initial findings from the Palliative Care in Dementia Project. Dementia 2009; 8: 435441.Google Scholar
Treloar, A, Crugel, M, Adamis, D. Palliative and end of life care of dementia at home is feasible and rewarding: results from the ‘Hope for Home’ study. Dementia 2009; 8: 335347.Google Scholar
Bone, AE, Morgan, M, Maddocks, M, et al. Developing a model of short-term integrated palliative and supportive care for frail older people in community settings: perspectives of older people, carers and other key stakeholders. Age Ageing 2016; 45: 863873.Google Scholar
Davies, N, Mathew, R, Wilcock, J, et al. A co-design process developing heuristics for practitioners providing end of life care for people with dementia. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15: 111.Google Scholar
Hanson, LC, Zimmerman, S, Song, MK, et al. Effect of the goals of care intervention for advanced dementia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177: 2431.Google Scholar
Moore, KJ, Candy, B, Davis, S, et al. Implementing the compassion intervention, a model for integrated care for people with advanced dementia towards the end of life in nursing homes: a naturalistic feasibility study. BMJ Open 2017; 7: 115.Google Scholar
Boogaard, JA, de Vet, HCW, van Soest-Poortvliet, MC, et al. Effects of two feedback interventions on end-of-life outcomes in nursing home residents with dementia: a cluster-randomized controlled three-arm trial. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 693702.Google Scholar
Verreault, R, Arcand, M, Misson, L, et al. Quasi-experimental evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve quality of end-of-life care and quality of dying for patients with advanced dementia in long-term care institutions. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 613621.Google Scholar
Schonwetter, RS, Han, B, Small, BJ, et al. Predictors of six-month survival among patients with dementia: an evaluation of hospice Medicare guidelines. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003; 20: 105113.Google Scholar
Sachs, G, Shega, J, Cox-Hayley, D. Barriers to excellent end-of-life care for patients with dementia. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 10571063.Google Scholar
Reisberg, B, Sclan, SG, Franssen, E, Kluger, A, Ferris, S. Dementia staging in chronic care populations. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1994; 8[Suppl 1]: S188S205.Google Scholar
Ellis-Smith, C, Evans, CJ, Murtagh, FEM, et al. Development of a caregiver-reported measure to support systematic assessment of people with dementia in long-term care: the integrated palliative care outcome scale for dementia. Palliat Med 2017; 31: 651660.Google Scholar
Ellis-Smith, C, Higginson, IJ, Daveson, BA, Henson, LA, Evans, CJ, BuildCARE. How can a measure improve assessment and management of symptoms and concerns for people with dementia in care homes? A mixed-methods feasibility and process evaluation of IPOS-Dem. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0200240. Available via: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200240 (last accessed 26 October 2019).Google Scholar
Regnard, C, Huntley, ME. Managing the physical symptoms of dying. In Palliative Care in Severe Dementia (ed. Hughes, JC): 2244. Quay Books, 2006.Google Scholar
Jolley, D, Hughes, J, Greaves, I, Jordan, A, Sampson, E. Seeing patients with dementia through to the end of life. Geriatr Med 2008; (September): 461464.Google Scholar
Zwakhalen, SM, Hamers, JP, Abu-Saad, HH, Berger, MP. Pain in elderly people with severe dementia: a systematic review of behavioural pain assessment tools. BMC Geriatrics 2006; 6: 3. Available via: https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2318-6-3 (last accessed 26 October 2019).Google Scholar
Jordan, A, Hughes, J, Pakresi, M, Hepburn, S, O’Brien, JT. The utility of PAINAD in assessing pain in a UK population with severe dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26: 118126.Google Scholar
Jordan, A, Regnard, C, O’Brien, JT, Hughes, JC. Pain and distress in advanced dementia: choosing the right tools for the job. Palliative Medicine 2012; 26: 873878.Google Scholar
Pieper, MJC, van der Steen, JT, Francke, AL, et al. Effects on pain of a stepwise multidisciplinary intervention (STA OP!) that targets pain and behavior in advanced dementia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 682692.Google Scholar
Achterberg, WP, Pieper, MJC, van Dalen-Kok, AH, et al. Pain management in patients with dementia Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8: 14711482.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. ‘WHO’s Pain Relief Ladder’. WHO, 2006. Available via: www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/ (last accessed on 26 October 2019).Google Scholar
Kovach, CR, Noonan, PE, Schlidt, AM, et al. The Serial Trial Intervention: an innovative approach to meeting needs of individuals with dementia. J Gerontol Nurs 2006; 32: 1825.Google Scholar
Kovach, CR, Logan, BR, Noonan, PE, et al. Effects of the Serial Trial Intervention on discomfort and behavior of nursing home residents with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2006; 21: 147155.Google Scholar
Husebo, BS, Ballard, C, Sandvik, R, Nilsen, OB, Aarsland, D. Efficacy of treating pain to reduce behavioural disturbances in residents of nursing homes with dementia: cluster randomised clinical trial. Br Med J 2011; 343: d4065.Google Scholar
Husebo, BS, Ballard, C, Cohen-Mansfield, J, Seifert, R, Aarsland, D. The response of agitated behavior to pain management in persons with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22: 708717.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Ramplin, S. Clinical and ethical judgement. In Reconceiving Medical Ethics (ed. Cowley, C): 220234. Continuum, 2012.Google Scholar
Fabiszewski, KJ, Volicer, B, Volicer, L. Effect of antibiotic treatment on outcome of fevers in institutionalized Alzheimer patients. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990; 263: 31683172.Google Scholar
Hurley, AC, Volicer, BJ, Volicer, L. Effect of fever-management strategy on the progression of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 1996; 10: 510.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Ooms, ME, Ader, HJ, Ribbe, MW, van der Wal, WG. Withholding antibiotic treatment in pneumonia patients with dementia: a quantitative observational study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002; 162: 17531760.Google Scholar
Clayton, J, Fardell, B, Hutton-Potts, J, Webb, D, Chye, R. Parenteral antibiotics in a palliative care unit: prospective analysis of current practice. Palliative Medicine 2003; 17: 4448.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Ooms, ME, Mehr, DR, van der Wal, WG, Ribbe, MW. Severe dementia and adverse outcomes of nursing home-acquired pneumonia: evidence for mediation by functional and pathophysiological decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002; 50: 439448.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Pasman, HRW, Ribbe, MW, van der Wal, G, Onwuteaka-Philipsen, BD. Discomfort in dementia patients dying from pneumonia and its relief by antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis 2009; 41: 143151.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Lane, P, Kowall, NW, Knol, DL, Volicer, L. Antibiotics and mortality in patients with lower respiratory infection and advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2012; 13: 156161.Google Scholar
Ikeda, M, Brown, J, Holland, AJ, Fukuhara, R, Hodges, JR. Changes in appetite, food preference, and eating habits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73: 371376.Google Scholar
Finucane, TE, Christmas, C, Travis, K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999; 282: 13651370.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Candy, B, Jones, L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; Issue 2: Art. No.: CD007209. Available via: www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007209.pub2/full (last accessed 28 October 2019).Google Scholar
Gillick, M. R. (2000) Rethinking the role of tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia. New England Journal of Medicine, 342: 206210.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC, Baldwin, C. Ethical Issues in Dementia Care: Making Difficult Decisions. Jessica Kingsley, 2006.Google Scholar
Low, JA, Chan, DK, Hung, WT, Chye, R. Treatment of recurrent aspiration pneumonia in end-stage dementia: preferences and choices of a group of elderly nursing home residents. Intern Med J 2003; 33: 345349.Google Scholar
The, AM, Pasman, R, Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B, Ribbe, M, van der Wal, G. Withholding the artificial administration of fluids and food from elderly people with dementia: ethnographic study. Br Med J 2002; 325: 13261330.Google Scholar
Hanson, LC, Carey, TS, Caprio, AJ, et al. Improving decision-making for feeding options in advanced dementia: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 20092016.Google Scholar
Conroy, SP, Luxton, T, Dingwall, R, Harwood, RH, Gladman, JR. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in continuing care settings: time for a rethink? Br Med J 2006; 332: 479482.Google Scholar
Ebell, MH, Becker, LA, Barry, HC, Hagen, M. Survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 1998; 13: 805816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volandes, AE, Abbo, ED. Flipping the default: a novel approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation in end-stage dementia. J Clin Ethics 2007; 18: 122139.Google Scholar
Seeher, K, Brodaty, H. Family carers of people with dementia. In Dementia (5th ed.) (eds. Ames, D, O’Brien, J, Burns, A): 142160. CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group, 2017.Google Scholar
Hughes, JC. Behaviours that challenge at the end of life. In Understanding Behaviour in Dementia that Challenges: A guide to Assessment and Treatment (2nd ed.) (eds. James, IA, Jackman, L): 280292. Jessica Kingsley, 2017.Google Scholar
Allen, FB, Coleman, PG. Spiritual perspectives on the person with dementia: identity and personhood. In Dementia: Mind, Meaning, and the Person (eds. Hughes, JC, Louw, SJ, Sabat, SR): 205221. Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Sapp, S. Spiritual care of people with dementia and their carers. In Supportive Care for the Person with Dementia (eds. Hughes, JC, Lloyd-Williams, M, Sachs, GA): 199206. Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Davis, R. My Journey into Alzheimer’s Disease. Tyndale, 1989.Google Scholar
Dinning, L. The spiritual care of people with severe dementia. In Palliative Care in Severe Dementia (ed. Hughes, JC): 126134. Quay Books, 2006.Google Scholar
Hughes, J. Personhood and religion in people with dementia. In Neurology and Religion (eds. Coles, A, Collicutt, J): 149160. Cambridge University Press, 2020.Google Scholar
Jewell, A. (ed.) Spirituality and Personhood in Dementia. Jessica Kingsley, 2011.Google Scholar
Ødbehr, L, Kvigne, K, Hauge, S, Danbolt, LJ. Nurses’ and care workers’ experiences of spiritual needs in residents with dementia in nursing homes: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2014; 13: 12. Available via: https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6955-13-12 (last accessed 28 October 2019).Google Scholar
Ødbehr, LS, Kvigne, K, Hauge, S, Danbolt, LJ. Spiritual care to persons with dementia in nursing homes; a qualitative study of nurses and care workers experiences. BMC Nurs 2015; 14: 70. Available via: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693438/pdf/12912_2015_Article_122.pdf (last accessed 28 October 2019).Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, Gijsberts, M-JHE, Hertogh, CMPM, Deliens, L. Predictors of spiritual care provision for patients with dementia at the end of life as perceived by physicians: a prospective study. BMC Palliat Care 2014; 13: 61. Available via: https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-684X-13-61 (last accessed 28 October 2019).Google Scholar
Musa, I, Seymour, J, Narayanasamy, MJ, Wada, T, Conroy, S. A survey of older peoples’ attitudes towards advance care planning. Age Ageing 2015; 44: 371376.Google Scholar
Robinson, L, Dickinson, C, Bamford, C, et al. A qualitative study: professionals’ experiences of advance care planning in dementia and palliative care, ‘a good idea in theory but…Palliat Med 2013; 27: 400408.Google Scholar
Sampson, EL, Burns, A. Planning a personalised future with dementia: ‘the misleading simplicity of advance directives’. Palliat Med 2013; 27: 387388.Google Scholar
Hertogh, CM. The misleading simplicity of advance directives. Int Psychogeriatr 2011; 23: 511515.Google Scholar
van der Steen, JT, van Soest-Poortvlieta, MC, Hallie-Heierman, M, et al. Factors associated with initiation of advance care planning in dementia: a systematic review. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2014; 40: 743757.Google Scholar
Brazil, K, Carter, G, Cardwell, C, et al. Effectiveness of advance care planning with family carers in dementia nursing homes: a paired cluster randomized controlled trial. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 603612.Google Scholar
Wiggins, N, Droney, J, Mohammed, K, Riley, J, Sleeman, KE. Understanding the factors associated with patients with dementia achieving their preferred place of death: a retrospective cohort study. Age Ageing 2019; 48: 433439.Google Scholar
Dixon, J, Karagiannidou, M, Knapp, M. The effectiveness of advance care planning in improving end-of-life outcomes for people with dementia and their carers: a systematic review and critical discussion. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 55: 132150.Google Scholar
Turner, M, Peacock, M. Palliative care in UK prisons: practical and emotional challenges for staff and fellow prisoners. J Correct Health Care 2017; 23: 5665.Google Scholar

References

Better Mental Health for All: A Public Health Approach to Mental Health Improvement (2018) London: Faculty of Public Health and Mental Health Foundation.Google Scholar
Sivertsen, H, Bjorklof, GH, Engedal, K et al. Depression and quality of life in older persons: a review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015; 40: 311339.Google Scholar
Djernes, JK, Gulmann, NC, Foldager, L et al. 13 Year follow up of morbidity, mortality and use of health services among elderly depressed patients and general elderly populations. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011; 45[8]: 654662.Google Scholar
Saint Onge, JM, Krueger, PM, Rogers, RG. The relationship between major depression and nonsuicide mortality for U.S. adults: the importance of health behaviours. J. Gerontol B Psychol Soc Sci 2014; 69[4]: 622632.Google Scholar
Ghoneim, MM, O’Hara, MW. Depression and postoperative complications: an overview. BMC Surg 2018; 18: 5.Google Scholar
Pequignot, R, Dufouil, C, Prugger, C et al. High level of depressive symptoms at repeated study visits and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke over 10 years in older adults: the three-city study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018; 64[1]: 118125.Google Scholar
Gallagher, D, Kiss, A, Lanctot, K et al. Depression and risk of Alzheimer dementia: a longitudinal analysis to determine predictors of increased risk among older adults with depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 26[8]: 819827.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). 2013.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th Revision). 2018.Google Scholar
Hegeman, JM, Kok, RM, van der Mast, RC et al. Phenomenology of depression in older compared with younger adults: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 200[4]: 275281.Google Scholar
Brown, MN, Lapane, KL, Luisi, AF. The management of depression in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50[1]: 6976.Google Scholar
Cipriani, A, Furukawa, TA, Salanti, G et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 2009; 373[9665]: 746758.Google Scholar
Nelson, JC, Delucchi, K, Schneider, LS. Efficacy of second generation antidepressants in late-life depression: a meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 18[7]: 558567.Google Scholar
Roose, SP, Schatzberg, AF. The efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of late-life depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25[4 Suppl 1]: S17.Google Scholar
Mark, TL, Joish, VN, Hay, JW et al. Antidepressant use in geriatric populations: the burden of side effects and interactions and their impact on adherence and costs. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19[3]: 211221.Google Scholar
Cipriani, A, La Ferla, T, Furukawa, TA et al. Sertraline versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 14[4]: CD006117.Google Scholar
Alexopoulos, GS, Reynolds, CF, Bruce, ML et al. Reducing suicidal ideation and depression in older primary care patients: 24-month outcomes of the PROSPECT study. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 186[8]: 882890.Google Scholar
Apler, A. Citalopram for major depressive disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open 2011; 1[2]: e000106.Google Scholar
Castro, VM, Clements, CC, Murphy, SN et al. QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records. BMJ 2013; 346: 288.Google Scholar
Kirby, D, Ames, D. Hyponatraemia and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in elderly patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16[5]: 484493.Google Scholar
Bose, A, Li, D, Gandhi, C. Escitalopram in the acute treatment of depressed patients aged 60 years or older. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 18[1]: 1420.Google Scholar
Watanabe, N, Omori, IM, Nakagawa, A et al. Mirtazapine versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 12: CD006528.Google Scholar
Roose, SP, Miyazaki, M, Devanand, D et al. An open trial of venlafaxine for the treatment of late-life atypical depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004; 19[10]: 989994.Google Scholar
Katona, C, Hansen, T, Olsen, CK. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, duloxetine-referenced, fixed-dose study comparing the efficacy and safety of Lu AA21004 in elderly patients with major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 27[4]: 215223.Google Scholar
Heun, R, Ahokas, A, Boyer, P et al. The efficacy of agomelatine in elderly patients with recurrent major depressive disorder: a placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2013; 74[6]: 587594.Google Scholar
Cipriani, A, Furukawa, TA, Salanti, G et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 2018; 391[10128]: 13571366.Google Scholar
Bondareff, W, Alpert, M, Friedhoff, AJ et al. Comparison of sertraline and nortriptyline in the treatment of major depressive disorder in late life. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157[5]: 729736.Google Scholar
NICE. (2009a). Depression: the treatment and management of depression in adults [update] [CG90].Google Scholar
NICE. (2009b). The treatment and management of depression in adults with chronic physical health problems (partial update of CG23).Google Scholar
Rush, AJ. STAR*D: what have we learned? Am J Psychiatry 2007; 184[2]: 201204.Google Scholar
Kok, RM, Reynolds, CF. Management of depression in older adults: a review. JAMA 2017; 317[20]: 21142122.Google Scholar
Dew, MA, Whyte, EM, Lenze, EJ et al. Recovery from major depression in older adults receiving augmentation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 184[6]: 892899.Google Scholar
Cooper, C et al, Katona, C, Lyketsos, K et al. A systematic review of treatments for refractory depression in older people. Am J Psychiatry 2011; 188[7]: 681688.Google Scholar
Alexopoulos, GS. Pharmacotherapy for late-life depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72[1]: e04.Google Scholar
Meyers, BS, Flint, AJ, Rothschild, AJ et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of olanzapine plus sertraline vs olanzapine plus placebo for psychotic depression: the study of pharmacotherapy of psychotic depression (STOP-PD). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66[8]: 838847.Google Scholar
Alexopoulos, GS, Canuso, CM, Gharabawi, GM et al. Placebo-controlled study of relapse prevention with risperidone augmentation in older patients with resistant depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 18[1]: 2130.Google Scholar
Lenze, EJ, Mulsant, BH, Blumberger, DM et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of augmentation pharmacotherapy with aripiprazole for treatment-resistant depression in late life: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 386[10011]: 24042412.Google Scholar
Sacchetti, E, Trifiro, G, Caputi, A et al. Risk of stroke with typical and atypical anti-psychotics: a retrospective cohort study including unexposed subjects. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22[1]: 3946.Google Scholar
Kok, R, Heeren, T, Nolen, W. Continuing treatment of depression in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials with antidepressants. Am J of Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19[3]: 249255.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, P, Izmeth, Z. Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Issue 9; Art. No.: CD006727. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006727.pub3Google Scholar
Bruce, ML, Sirey, JA. Integrated care for depression in older primary care patients. Can J Psychiatry 2018; 63[7]: 439446.Google Scholar
Bosanquet, K, Adamson, J, Atherton, K et al. CollAborative care for Screen-Positive EldeRs with major depression [CASPER plus]: a multicentred randomised controlled trial of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21[67]: 1252.Google Scholar
Sirey, JA, Bruce, ML, Alexopoulos, GS. The treatment initiation program: an intervention to improve depression outcomes in older adults. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 182[1]: 184186.Google Scholar
Raue, PJ, McGovern, AR, Kiosses, DN et al. Advances in psychotherapy for depressed older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19[9].Google Scholar
Huang, AX, Delucchi, K, Lunn, LB et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychotherapy for late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23[3]: 261273.Google Scholar
Krishna, M, Jauhari, A, Lepping, P et al. Is group psychotherapy effective in older adults with depression? A systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26[4]: 331340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tavares, LR, Barbosa, MR. Efficacy of group psychotherapy for geriatric depression: a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:7180.Google Scholar
Kirkham, JG, Choi, N, Seitz, DP. Meta-analysis of problem solving therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 31[5]: 526535.Google Scholar
Scogin, F, McElreath, L. Efficacy of psychosocial treatments for geriatric depression: a quantitative review. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62[1]: 6974.Google Scholar
Kiosses, DN, Ravdin, LD, Gross, JJ et al. Problem adaptation therapy for older adults with major depression and cognitive impairment: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72[1]: 2230.Google Scholar
Murri, MB, Ekkekakis, P, Menchetti, M et al. Physical exercise for late life depression: effects on symptom dimensions and time course. J Affect Disord 2018; 230: 6570.Google Scholar
Dunphy, K, Baker, FA, Dumaresq, E et al. Creative arts interventions to address depression in older adults: a systematic review of outcomes, processes and mechanisms. Front Psychol 2018; 9: 2655.Google Scholar
Allan, CL, Ebmeier, KP. The use of ECT and MST in treating depression. Int Rev Psychiatry 2011; 23[5]: 400412.Google Scholar
Spaans, HP, Sienaert, P, Bouckaert, F et al. Speed of remission in elderly patients with depression: electroconvulsive therapy V. medication. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206[1]: 6771.Google Scholar
Kennedy, SH, Milev, R, Giacobbe, Pet al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. IV. Neurostimulation therapies. J Affect Disord 2009; 117 Suppl 1: 4453.Google Scholar
Carney, S, Geddes, J. Electroconvulsive therapy. BMJ 2003; 326[7403]: 13431344.Google Scholar
Sackeim, HA, Dillingham, EM, Prudic, J et al. Effect of concomitant pharmacotherapy on electroconvulsive therapy outcomes: short-term efficacy and adverse effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66[7]: 729737.Google Scholar
Kellner, CH, Husain, MM, Knapp, RG et al. A novel strategy for continuation ECT in geriatric depression: Phase 2 of the PRIDE study. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 173[11]: 11101118.Google Scholar
NICE. [2015]. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression (IPG542).Google Scholar
Blumberger, DM, Hsu, JH, Daskalakis, ZJ. A review of brain stimulation treatments for late-life depression. Curr Treat Options Psych 2015; 2[4]: 413421.Google Scholar
Livingston, G, Sommerlad, A, Orgeta, V et al. Dementia prevention, intervention and care. Lancet 2017; 390[10113]: 26732734.Google Scholar
Volicer, L, Frijters, DH, Van der Steen, JT. Relationship between symptoms of depression and agitation in nursing home residents with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27[7]: 749754.Google Scholar
Farina, N, Morrell, L, Banerjee, S. What is the therapeutic value of antidepressants in dementia? A narrative review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32[1]: 3249.Google Scholar
Nelson, J, Devanand, D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled antidepressant studies in people with depression and dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59[4]: 577585.Google Scholar
Weintraub, D, Rosenberg, PB, Drye, LT et al. Sertraline for the treatment of depression in Alzheimer disease: week-24 outcomes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 18[4]: 332340.Google Scholar
Drye, LT, Martin, BK, Frangakis, CE et al. Do treatment effects vary among differing baseline depression criteria in Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease Study 2 (DIADS-2)? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26[6]: 573583.Google Scholar
Banerjee, S, Hellier, J, Romeo, R et al. Study of the use of antidepressants for depression in dementia: the HTA-SADD trial – a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine. Health Technol Assess 2013; 17[7]: 1186.Google Scholar
Wilkins, V, Kiosses, D, Ravdin, L. Late-life depression with comorbid cognitive impairment and disability: nonpharmacological interventions. Clin Interv Aging 2010; 5: 323331.Google Scholar
Ortega, V, Qazi, A, Spector, AE et al. Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014, Issue 1; Art. No.: CD009125. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009125.pub2Google Scholar
Noone, D, Stott, J, Aguirre, E et al. Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for people with dementia and anxiety or depression. Ageing Ment Health 2018; 17: 110.Google Scholar

References

Ryan, DJ, O’Regan, NA, Caoimh, RO et al. Delirium in an adult acute hospital population: predictors, prevalence and detection. BMJ Open 2013; 3(1).Google Scholar
Bellelli, G, Morandi, A, Di Santo, SG et al. ‘Delirium Day’: a nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool. BMC Med 2016; 18: 106. DOI:10.1186/s12916-016-0649-8.Google Scholar
Morichi, V, Fedecostante, M, Morandi, A et al. A point prevalence study of delirium in Italian nursing homes. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 46: 2741.Google Scholar
Cheung, ENM, Benjamin, S, Heckman, G et al. Clinical characteristics associated with the onset of delirium among long-term nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18: 39. DOI:10.1186/s12877-018-0733-3.Google Scholar
Hapca, S, Guthrie, B, Cvoro, V et al. Mortality in people with dementia, delirium, and unspecified cognitive impairment in the general hospital: prospective cohort study of 6,724 patients with 2 years follow-up. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10: 17431753.Google Scholar
Leslie, DL, Inouye, SK. The importance of delirium: economic and societal costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59(Suppl 2): S241S243.Google Scholar
MacLullich, AM, Shenkin, SD, Goodacre, S et al. The 4 ‘A’s test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study. Health Technol Assess 2019; 23: 1194.Google Scholar
O’Connell, H, Kennelly, SP, Cullen, W, Meagher, DJ. Managing delirium in everyday practice: towards cognitive-friendly hospitals. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2014; 20: 380389.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (5th edn) (DSM-5). APA, 2013.Google Scholar
Meagher, D, O’Regan, N, Ryan, D et al. Frequency of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in an adult acute hospital population. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205: 478485.Google Scholar
Evered, L, Silbert, B, Knopman, D et al. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66: 110.Google Scholar
Moller, J, Cluitmans, P, Rasmussen, L. Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study. Lancet 1998; 351: 857.Google Scholar
Huang, C, Mårtensson, J, Gögenur, I, Asghar, MS. Exploring postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium in noncardiac surgery using MRI: A systematic review. Neural Plast 2018; 1281657. DOI:10.1155/2018/1281657.Google Scholar
Cassarino, M, Setti, A. Complexity as key to designing cognitive-friendly environments for older people. Front Psychol 2016; 7: 1329. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01329.Google Scholar
Cassarino, M, Setti, A. Environment as ‘Brain Training’: a review of geographical and physical environmental influences on cognitive ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23(Pt B): 167182.Google Scholar
Siddiqi, N, Harrison, JK, Clegg, A et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 3: CD005563. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005563.pub3.Google Scholar
Akunne, A, Murthy, L, Young, J. Cost-effectiveness of multi-component interventions to prevent delirium in older people admitted to medical wards. Age Ageing 2012; 41: 285291.Google Scholar
Rosgen, B, Krewulak, K, Demiantschuk, D et al. Validation of caregiver-centered delirium detection tools: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66: 12181225.Google Scholar
Garrett, RM. Reflections on delirium – a patient’s perspective. J Intensive Care Soc 2019; 20: 258262.Google Scholar
Darbyshire, JL, Greig, PR, Vollam, S, Young, JD, Hinton, L. ‘I can remember sort of vivid people…but to me they were plasticine.’ Delusions on the intensive care unit: what do patients think is going on? PLoS One 2016; 11: e0153775. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0153775Google Scholar
Siddiqi, N, Young, J, House, AO et al. Stop Delirium! A complex intervention to prevent delirium in care homes: a mixed-methods feasibility study. Age Ageing 2011; 40: 9098.Google Scholar
Morandi, A, Pozzi, C, Milisen, K et al. An interdisciplinary statement of scientific societies for the advancement of delirium care across Europe (EDA, EANS, EUGMS, COTEC, IPTOP/WCPT). BMC Geriatr 2019; 19: 253. DOI:10.1186/s12877-019-1264-2Google Scholar
Abraha, I, Trotta, F, Rimland, JM et al. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat delirium in older patients: A systematic overview. The SENATOR project ONTOP Series. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0123090. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123090Google Scholar
Khan, A, Boukrina, O, Oh-Park, M et al. Preventing delirium takes a village: systematic review and meta-analysis of delirium preventive models of care. J Hosp Med 2019; 14: E1E7.Google Scholar
Lindroth, H, Bratzke, L, Purvis, S et al. Systematic review of prediction models for delirium in the older adult inpatient. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e019223. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019223Google Scholar
Haley, MN, Casey, P, Kane, RY, Dārziņš, P, Lawler, K. Delirium management: Let’s get physical? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australas J Ageing 2019; February 22. DOI:10.1111/ajag.12636Google Scholar
Guerra, G, Almeida, L, Zorzela, L et al. and Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Efficacy of music on sedation, analgesia and delirium in critically ill patients. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Crit Care 2019; 53: 7580.Google Scholar
van Velthuijsen, EL, Zwakhalen, SM, Warnier, RM et al. Psychometric properties and feasibility of instruments for the detection of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31: 974989.Google Scholar
Blandfort, S, Gregersen, M, Rahbek, K, Juul, S, Damsgaard, EM. Single-bed rooms in a geriatric ward prevent delirium in older patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; March 21. DOI:10.1007/s40520-019-01173-yGoogle Scholar
Flaherty, JH, Little, MO. Matching the environment to patients with delirium: lessons learned from the delirium room, a restraint-free environment for older hospitalized adults with delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59(Suppl 2): S295300.Google Scholar
Meagher, D, Agar, MR, Teodorczuk, A. Debate article: antipsychotic medications are clinically useful for the treatment of delirium. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33: 14201427.Google Scholar
Burry, L, Mehta, S, Perreault, MM et al. Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 June 18; 6: CD005594. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005594.pub3Google Scholar
NICE (2010) Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management. Clinical Guideline 103 2010, updated 2019. Available via: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg103 (last accessed 29 October 2019).Google Scholar
Lonergan, E, Luxenberg, J, Sastre, AA. (2009) Benzodiazepines for delirium. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 4: CD006379. Available via: www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006379.pub3/full (last accessed 29 October 2019).Google Scholar
O’Malley, G, Leonard, M, Meagher, D, O’Keefe, ST. (2008) The delirium experience: a review. J Psychosom Res 2008; 65: 223228.Google Scholar

References

Banks, V, Searle, G, Jenkins, R. Psychiatry in the UK: an overview. Int Psychiatry 2011; 8: 3538.Google Scholar
Bernstein, CA, Hershfield, B, Cohen, DC. Psychiatry in the USA: an overview. Int Psychiatry 2010; 7: 9092.Google Scholar
Shaji, KS, Dias, A. Dementia care in India: a progress report. Int Psychiatry 2006; 4: 910.Google Scholar
Godfrey, M, Townsend, J, Surr, C et al. Prevention and Service Provision: Mental Health Problems in Later Life. Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, Leeds University and Division of Dementia Studies, Bradford University, 2005.Google Scholar
British Geriatrics Society and Royal College of Psychiatrists. Depression among Older People Living in Care Homes OP105. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/attachment/2018-09-12/Depression%20among%20older%20people%20living%20in%20care%20homes%20report%202018.pdfGoogle Scholar
All-Party Parliamentary Group on Dementia. Prepared to Care: Challenging the Dementia Skills Gap. Alzheimer’s Society, 2009. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.alzheimers.org.uk/sites/default/files/migrate/downloads/appg_report_prepared_to_care.pdfGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and Social Care Institute for Excellence. Dementia. Supporting People with Dementia and their Carers in Health and Social Care. NICE Clinical Guideline 42. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2006 (amended 2011).Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Dementia: Assessment, Management and Support for People Living with Dementia and their Carers. NICE guideline. NICE Clinical Guideline 97. NICE, 2018. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97Google Scholar
Anonymous. Does anyone care? Brit Med J 2010; 341: 348.Google Scholar
Jolley, D, Dixey, S, Read, K. Residential and nursing homes. In: Seminars in Old Age Psychiatry (eds. Butler, RN, Pitt, B): 225246. Gaskell, 1988.Google Scholar
Which Limited. (2011) Care homes investigated. Which? 2011; May: 5861.Google Scholar
Older People’s Commissioner for Wales. A Place to Call Home: A Review into the Quality of Life and Care of Older People living in Care Homes in Wales. The Older People’s Commissioner for Wales, 2014. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.olderpeoplewales.com/en/Reviews/Residential_Care_Review/ReviewReport.aspxGoogle Scholar
Older People’s Commissioner for Wales A Place to Call Home: Impact and Analysis. Assessing Progress to Improve the Quality of Life and Care of Older People Living in Care Homes in Wales. The Older People’s Commissioner for Wales, 2017. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.olderpeoplewales.com/Libraries/Uploads/A_Place_to_Call_Home_-_Impact_Analysis_-_Final.sflb.ashxGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, V and Bannerjee, S. Improving care in care homes: a qualitative evaluation of the Croydon care home support team. Aging Ment Health 2010; 14: 416424.Google Scholar
Szczepura, A, Nelson, S, Wild, D. (2008) In-reach specialist nursing teams for residential care homes: uptake of services, impact on care provision and cost-effectiveness. BMC Health Services Research 2008; 8: 269. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1472-6963-8-269 [last accessed 11th September 2019].Google Scholar
Alzheimer’s Research Trust. Dementia 2010: The Economic Burden of Dementia and Associated Research Funding in the United Kingdom. University of Oxford, 2010. www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Dementia2010Full.pdf [last accessed 11th September 2019].Google Scholar
Prince, M, Knapp, M, Guerchet, M et al. Dementia UK (Second edition). Alzheimer’s Society, 2014. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59437/1/Dementia_UK_Second_edition_-_Overview.pdfGoogle Scholar
Care Council for Wales. Good Work. A Dementia Learning and Development Framework for Wales. Care Council for Wales, 2016. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: https://socialcare.wales/cms_assets/file-uploads/Good-Work-Dementia-Learning-And-Development-Framework.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ballard, C, O’Brien, J, James, I, Swann, A. Dementia: Management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms. Open University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Lyons, M, Woloshynowych, M, Adams, S, Vincent, C. Error Reduction in Medicine. The Nuffield Trust, National Patient Safety Agency, Imperial College, 2004. Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/files/2017-01/error-reduction-in-medicine-web-final.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. Surgical Safety Checklist (first edition). WHO, 2008 (revised 2009). Last accessed on 11th September 2019 via: www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/checklist/en/Google Scholar
Colgate, R, Jones, S. Controlling the confusion: management of referrals into mental health services for older adults. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2007; 13: 317324.Google Scholar
Colgate, R, Davies, K, Lambert, H, Turner, A. Controlling the confusion: using barrier analysis in the care home sector. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2012; 18: 426433.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×