This chapter extends our analysis of China's scientific and technical talent by examining its distribution, deployment, and utilization in key emerging technological fields such as information and telecommunications technology (ICT) as well as biotechnology and nanotechnology – the so-called science-based technologies. The development and advancement of national capabilities in these technological fields has become a high-level priority for the Chinese leadership, as, collectively, they are viewed increasingly as critical engines for the nation's current and future economic growth and national security. Most important, these high-technology fields have witnessed a significant transformation in the structure and size of their workforce and steadily increased the demand for more high-quality talent.

In this chapter we describe and analyze the science and technology (S&T) workforce in high-technology manufacturing, software, life sciences and biotechnology, and nanotechnology. We also discuss the emerging face of talent in the field of management and business administration, an area closely related to technological process since many Chinese managers have technical backgrounds. China's foray into global markets and knowledge networks will stimulate even further the demand for competent, experienced management talent. And, achieving desired improvements inside China's research organizations also will necessitate upgrading the performance of an entire cadre of research and development (R&D) and project managers. The chapter takes stock of the current situation and examines the readiness of talent in these fields. In doing so, we try to provide greater insights into the talent dynamics in priority areas where the Chinese government is making major investments.