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Case 50 - A Tic in the (Voice) Box

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2019

By
Katie Rose  and
Rachel Kneen
Edited by
Tom Solomon ,
Benedict D. Michael ,
Alastair Miller  and
Rachel Kneen
Tom Solomon
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Benedict D. Michael
Affiliation:
Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool
Alastair Miller
Affiliation:
Tropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital
Rachel Kneen
Affiliation:
Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool
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Type
Chapter
Information
Case Studies in Neurological Infections of Adults and Children , pp. 214 - 217
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Snider, LA, Lougee, L, Slattery, M, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:788–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Kurlan, R. Tourette’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2332–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swedo, SE, Leonard, HL, Garvey, M, et al. Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:264–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Church, AJ, Dale, RC, Giovannoni, G. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies: a possible diagnostic utility in idiopathic movement disorders? Arch Dis Child 2004;89:611–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurlan, R, Johnson, D, Kaplan, EL. Streptococcal infection and exacerbations of childhood tics and obsessive–compulsive symptoms: a prospective blinded cohort study. Pediatrics 2008;121:1188–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, ML, Pichichero, ME. Prospective identification and treatment of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:356–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perlmutter, SJ, Leitman, SF, Garvey, MA, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive compulsive disorder and tic disorders in childhood. Lancet 1999;354:1153–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, J, Smith, CH, Goldman, RD. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. Can Fam Phys 2012;58:957–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Shulman, ST. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococci (PANDAS): update. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009;21:127–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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