Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Advice on using this book
- Contents
- The Moon – an introduction
- Atlas of lunar formations
- 1 Mare Smythii
- 2a Mare Crisium
- 2b Mare Crisium
- 3 Cleomedes
- 4 Endymion
- 5 Atlas/Hercules
- 6 Montes Taurus
- 7 Palus Somni
- 8a Mare Fecunditatis
- 8b Mare Fecunditatis
- 9 Langrenus/Petavius
- 10 Mare Australe
- 11 Vlacq
- 12 Vallis Rheita
- 13a Mare Nectaris
- 13b Mare Nectaris
- 14 Rupes Altai
- 15 Abulfeda
- 16 Theophilus
- 17 Sinus Asperitatis
- 18 Statio Tranquillitatis
- 19a Mare Tranquillitatis
- 19b Mare Tranquillitatis
- 20a Mare Serenitatis
- 20b Mare Serenitatis
- 21 Posidonius
- 22 Lacus Mortis
- 23 Aristoteles/Eudoxus
- 24 Montes Caucasus
- 25 Autolycus/Aristillus
- 26 Cassini
- 27 Montes Alpes
- 28 Plato
- 29 Montes Teneriffe
- 30 Archimedes
- 31a Montes Apenninus
- 31b Montes Apenninus
- 32 Mare Vaporum
- 33 Rima Ariadaeus
- 34 Rima Hyginus
- 35 Sinus Medii
- 36 Hipparchus
- 37a Ptolemaeus
- 37b Ptolemaeus
- 38 Rupes Recta
- 39 Regiomontanus
- 40 Maurolycus
- 41 South Pole
- 42 Clavius
- 43 Tycho
- 44 Schiller
- 45 Palus Epidemiarum
- 46 Pitatus
- 47 Mare Nubium
- 48 Fra Mauro
- 49 Mare Cognitum
- 50 Mare Insularum
- 51a Copernicus
- 51b Copernicus
- 52 Eratosthenes
- 53a Mare Imbrium
- 53b Mare Imbrium
- 54 Sinus Iridum
- 55 Gruithuisen
- 56 Mare Frigoris
- 57 North Pole
- 58 Aristarchus
- 59 Kepler
- 60 Seleucus
- 61 Reiner
- 62 Letronne/Hansteen
- 63 Gassendi
- 64 Mare Humorum
- 65 Schickard
- 66 Sirsalis
- 67 Grimaldi
- 68 Mare Orientale
- 69 Lunar Farside
- Glossary
- Index of lunar features
- Image credits
- Further reading and references
10 - Mare Australe
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 October 2012
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Advice on using this book
- Contents
- The Moon – an introduction
- Atlas of lunar formations
- 1 Mare Smythii
- 2a Mare Crisium
- 2b Mare Crisium
- 3 Cleomedes
- 4 Endymion
- 5 Atlas/Hercules
- 6 Montes Taurus
- 7 Palus Somni
- 8a Mare Fecunditatis
- 8b Mare Fecunditatis
- 9 Langrenus/Petavius
- 10 Mare Australe
- 11 Vlacq
- 12 Vallis Rheita
- 13a Mare Nectaris
- 13b Mare Nectaris
- 14 Rupes Altai
- 15 Abulfeda
- 16 Theophilus
- 17 Sinus Asperitatis
- 18 Statio Tranquillitatis
- 19a Mare Tranquillitatis
- 19b Mare Tranquillitatis
- 20a Mare Serenitatis
- 20b Mare Serenitatis
- 21 Posidonius
- 22 Lacus Mortis
- 23 Aristoteles/Eudoxus
- 24 Montes Caucasus
- 25 Autolycus/Aristillus
- 26 Cassini
- 27 Montes Alpes
- 28 Plato
- 29 Montes Teneriffe
- 30 Archimedes
- 31a Montes Apenninus
- 31b Montes Apenninus
- 32 Mare Vaporum
- 33 Rima Ariadaeus
- 34 Rima Hyginus
- 35 Sinus Medii
- 36 Hipparchus
- 37a Ptolemaeus
- 37b Ptolemaeus
- 38 Rupes Recta
- 39 Regiomontanus
- 40 Maurolycus
- 41 South Pole
- 42 Clavius
- 43 Tycho
- 44 Schiller
- 45 Palus Epidemiarum
- 46 Pitatus
- 47 Mare Nubium
- 48 Fra Mauro
- 49 Mare Cognitum
- 50 Mare Insularum
- 51a Copernicus
- 51b Copernicus
- 52 Eratosthenes
- 53a Mare Imbrium
- 53b Mare Imbrium
- 54 Sinus Iridum
- 55 Gruithuisen
- 56 Mare Frigoris
- 57 North Pole
- 58 Aristarchus
- 59 Kepler
- 60 Seleucus
- 61 Reiner
- 62 Letronne/Hansteen
- 63 Gassendi
- 64 Mare Humorum
- 65 Schickard
- 66 Sirsalis
- 67 Grimaldi
- 68 Mare Orientale
- 69 Lunar Farside
- Glossary
- Index of lunar features
- Image credits
- Further reading and references
Summary
Mare Australe
50.0°S, 93.0°E
Mare Australe, the ‘Southern Sea’, lies on the southeastern limb of the Moon. Because of limb foreshortening, details are difficult to observe and a large portion lies on the lunar farside. It is a large impact basin. Lunar Orbiter images show an almost perfectly circular structure with a diameter of over 600 km and an area of roughly 320 000 km2.
Images from lunar probes show, in addition, over 200 craters, with a wide range of sizes. Mare Australe is probably one of the oldest basins and was subsequently only partially flooded with mantle lavas. So there are no traces of the basin's rims, and neither can ejecta from craters that were created later be detected. As a result, the diameter is very difficult to determine, with figures, depending on their source, varying between 500 and 900 kilometres. The Australe basin was probably created before the Late Heavy Bombardment, and the walls of the basin were completely destroyed by subsequent impacts. That would also explain the atypical number of large craters for a mare that occurs in this region.
Hanno 56.3°S, 71.0°E
Pontécoulant 58.7°S, 66.0°E
Oken 43.7°S, 75.0°E
Under good libration conditions, the craters Hanno (55 km), Pontécoulant (90 km) and Oken (70 km) may be readily located. All three stand out because of their dark crater floors (darker than the mare lava).
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- The Cambridge Photographic Moon Atlas , pp. 55 - 56Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012