Those nations that seek more extensive protection for trademarks, beyond the levels of protection that are the required minimum standards of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement)1 and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property,2 utilise free trade agreements (FTAs) to achieve these goals. The TRIPS Agreement anticipated that some members would provide more extensive protection, both because many already did provide a higher standard of protection, even at the time the TRIPS Agreement was signed, and because the United States openly stated that it intended to continue to negotiate for more extensive intellectual property standards in bilateral trade agreements post-TRIPS.