Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T00:46:31.648Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 12 - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2023

By
Ryan J. Kline ,
John A. Helmstetter  and
Bethany L. Menard
Edited by
Alan David Kaye  and
Richard D. Urman
Alan David Kaye
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston
Get access

Summary

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is one of the mainstays of anesthesia. Often patients present to the operating room with intravascular volume depletion secondary to nil per os (NPO) status, acute bleeding, and recent bowel preparation, as well as with electrolyte abnormalities due to coexisting disease. Physical examination is useful in determining volume status, coupled with static and dynamic hemodynamic monitoring.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Anesthesiology , pp. 182 - 199
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Aguilera, IM, Vaughan, RS. Calcium and the anaesthetist. Anaesthesia. 2000;55:779–90. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01540.x.Google Scholar
Bajwa, SJ, Sehgal, V. Anesthetic management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a role rarely noticed and appreciated so far. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(2):235–9. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.109679.Google Scholar
Bunn, F, Trivedi, D. Colloid solutions for fluid resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;7:CD001319.Google Scholar
Butterworth, J, Mackey, D, Wasnick, J, Morgan, G, Mikhail, M, Morgan, G. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology, 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill;2013.Google Scholar
Cascella, M, Vaqar, S. Hypermagnesemia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549811/.Google Scholar
Casey, J, Brown, R, Semler, M. Resuscitation fluids. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2018;24(6):512–18. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corcoran, T, Rhodes, JE, Clarke, S, Myles, PS, Ho, KM. Perioperative fluid management strategies in major surgery: a stratified meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2012;114(3):640–51. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318240d6eb.Google Scholar
Gurjar, M. Textbook of Ventilation, Fluids, Electrolytes, and Blood Gases. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd; 2020.Google Scholar
Herroeder, S, Schönherr, ME, De Hert, SG, Hollmann, MW. Magnesium – essentials for anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2011;114:971–93. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318210483d.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, L, Yarl, W, Liu, H. Patient with hyperkalemia for surgery: proceed or postpone? Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2019;6(1):17–19.Google Scholar
Leung, AA, McAlister, FA, Finlayson, SR, Bates, DW. Preoperative hypernatremia predicts increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Am J Med. 2013;126(10):877–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.02.039.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, R, Pardo, M, Stoelting, R, eds. Basics of Anesthesia, 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders;2011.Google Scholar
Myburgh, JA, Mythen, MG. Resuscitation fluids. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1243–51.Google Scholar
Myles, PS, Andrews, S, Nicholson, J, Lobo, DN, Mythen, M. Contemporary approaches to perioperative IV fluid therapy. World J Surg. 2017;41(10):2457–63. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4055-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perel, P, Roberts, I. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;6:CD000567.Google Scholar
Sahay, M, Sahay, R. Hyponatremia: a practical approach. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18(6):760–71. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.141320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semler, MW, Self, WH, Wanderer, JP, et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378:829–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmons, JW, Dobyns, JB, Paiste, J. Enhanced recovery after surgery: intraoperative fluid management strategies. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(6):1185–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.07.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sterns, RH, Nigwekar, SU, Hix, JK. The treatment of hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol. 2009;29:282–99.Google Scholar
Vincent, JL, De Backer, D, Wiedermann, CJ. Fluid management in sepsis: the potential beneficial effects of albumin. J Crit Care. 2016;35:161–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.019.Google Scholar
Vitez, TS, Soper, LE, Wong, KC, Soper, P. Chronic hypokalemia and intraoperative dysrhythmias. Anesthesiology. 1985;63(2):130–3. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198508000-00002.Google Scholar
Wong, KC, Schafer, PG, Schultz, JR. Hypokalemia and anesthetic implications. Anesth Analg. 1993;77(6):1238–60. DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199312000-00027. Erratum in: Anesth Analg. 1994;78(5):1035.Google Scholar
Zhu, Q, Li, X, Tan, F, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for hypokalemia in patients scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal resection and its association with post-operative recovery. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1):152. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0876-x.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×