Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-14T23:21:55.724Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Radical Protest on a University Campus

Performances of Civil Transition in Colombia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2019

Jeffrey C. Alexander
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
Trevor Stack
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Affiliation:
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Get access

Summary

Throughout six decades of internal armed conflict in Colombia, radical protest took multiple forms. Some of them undermined the civil sphere through the exercise of violence and intimidation. Others contributed to expanding the civil sphere and strengthening its vibrancy. Since the 2016 peace accord, Colombian society has faced the challenge of transitioning from uncivil to civil radical protest within multiple institutional scenarios. Here, I will focus on this transition as it occurred within Colombian public universities. During many decades of internal armed conflict, these universities constituted one of the many theaters of the war. There, insurgent and counterinsurgent forces, together with their support networks, confronted each other for the purpose of establishing control over their respective communities. The spread of violence on university campuses and the practices of pressure and intimidation that came along with it critically affected their internal public spheres. It spread various degrees of self-censorship among the members of these communities, and all too often it resulted in the breakdown of open public conversation regarding the experience of campus violence and involvement or participation in the war. Within such contexts the transition from forms of radical protest that undermine civil life to new forms that contribute to its vibrancy serves to undermine the regime of justifications that sustains violent radical protests. Through free discussion, cracks in the wall of silence and fatalistic indifference are developed, cracks that weaken the wall that has served to shield violent radicalism from challenge by a growing segment of their respective communities. In what follows, I will explore three interventions between the early 1990s and 2016 that sought to achieve precisely this sort of transition within the National University of Colombia, the country’s largest public university.

Type
Chapter
Information
Breaching the Civil Order
Radicalism and the Civil Sphere
, pp. 42 - 69
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acevedo Tarazona, Álvaro and Gabriel Samacá, Alonso. 2015. “Entre la movilización estudiantil y la lucha armada en Colombia. De utopías y diálogos de Paz.” Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras 20(2): 157182, www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=407541780007.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey. 2006a. The Civil Sphere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey. 2006b. “Cultural Pragmatics: Social Performance between Ritual and Strategy.” Pp. 2990 in Social Performance, edited by Jeffrey, Alexander, Bernhard, Giesen, and Mast, Jason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey and Tognato, Carlo, eds. 2018. The Civil Sphere in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Anonymous Faculty Member. 2013. “Algunas apreciaciones sobre el ‘señor Rayón’,” Agencia de Noticias Prensa Universidad, May 21, http://prensauniversidadnoticias.blogspot.com.co/2013/05/algunas-apreciaciones-sobre-el-senor.html.Google Scholar
Archila, Mauricio. 1997. “Quimera del pensamiento socialista colombiano.” Credencial Historia 90, www.banrepcultural.org/node/32682.Google Scholar
Archila, Mauricio. 1999. “Entre la academia y la política: El movimiento estudiantil en Colombia, 1920-1974.” Pp. 158–74 in Movimientos Estudiantiles en la historia de América Latina, edited by Marsiske, Renate. México City: UNAM-Plaza y Valdés-Centro de Estudios sobre la Universidad.Google Scholar
Archila, Mauricio. 2012. “El movimiento estudiantil en Colombia, una mirada histórica.” OSAL (Buenos Aires: CLACSO) 13: 31, Mayo, http://palabrasalmargen.com/images/adjuntos/Archila_mov_estudiantil_en_Colombia.pdf.Google Scholar
Báez, José R. 2013. “La Universidad Nacional no es como la pintan.” El Tiempo, August 11, www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12987014.Google Scholar
Beltran Cely, William M. 2002. “Del dogmatismo católico al dogmatismo de izquierda. El ambiente político en la Universidad Nacional en los 60s y 70s.” Revista Colombiana de Sociología 7(2): 155–78.Google Scholar
Bhargava, V., Cutler, K., and Ritchie, D.. 2011. Stimulating the Demand for Good Governance: Eight Strategic Recommendations for Intensifying the Role of the World Bank. Washington, DC: Partnership for Transparency Fund.Google Scholar
Bogner, A. 2004. “Ethnizitaet und the soziale Organization physischer Gewalt. Ein Modell des Tribalismus in postimperialen Kontexten.” Pp. 5887 in Anthropologie der Konflikte, edited by Eckert, J. M.. Georg Elwertts Konflikttheoretische Thesen in der Diskussion. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler Breese, Elizabeth. 2011. “Mapping the Variety of Public Spheres.” Communication Theory 21: 130–49.Google Scholar
Castrillón, Gloria. 2013. “Rayadomán, el estudiante que transforma los grafitis de la U. Nacional.” Cromos, June 5, http://cromos.elespectador.com/cultura/articulo-147095-el-senor-rayon-el-antiheroe-de-la-nacho.Google Scholar
Cohen, Jean and Arato, Andrew. 1994. Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Cunningham, Dan et al. 2013. “Brokers and Key Players in the Internationalization of the FARC.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 36: 477501.Google Scholar
Dundjerovic, Aleksandar and Bateman, Ilva Navarro. 2006. “Antanas Mockus’s Cultura Ciudadana: Theatrical Acts for Cultural Change in Bogota, Colombia.” Contemporary Theatre Review 16(4): 457–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falconi, José Luís. 2017. “25 Programs of Cultura Ciudadana.” Pp. 78247 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar
Florez-Morris, Mauricio. 2007. “Joining Guerrilla Groups in Colombia: Motivations and Processes for Entering a Violent Organizations.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 30: 615–34.Google Scholar
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 1998. Habermas and Foucault: Thinkers for Civil Society?British Journal of Sociology 49(2): 210–33.Google Scholar
Forero, Ricardo. 2006. Formas de Legitimación de la acción violenta en los sesentas: el discurso de los intelectuales. Honors Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Sociology, National University of Colombia, Bogota.Google Scholar
Gámez, Jenny. 2015. “Relato de un ‘capucho’ intimidado por querer abandonar la guerrilla.” El Tiempo, August 2, www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-16182162.Google Scholar
García Villegas, Mauricio. 2013. “El señor Rayón.” El Espectador, July 5, www.elespectador.com/opinion/el-senor-rayon.Google Scholar
Garfinkel, Harold. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Giraldo Ramírez, Jorge. 2015. Las ideas en la guerra: Justificación y crítica en la Colombia contemporánea. Bogota: Penguin Random House.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco, Acevedo, Tatiana, and Viatela, Juan M.. 2007. “Violent liberalism? State, Conflict and Political Regime in Colombia, 1930–2006.” Working Paper No. 10 (November), Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 1990. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 1993. Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Havel, Vaclav. 1993. “How Europe Could Fail.” New York Review of Books, November 12: 3.Google Scholar
Heritage, John. 1984. Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Hernández, Carlos A. 2017. “Antanas Mockus, the Academic.” Pp. 377–97 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The Cultural Agents Initiative at Harvard University.Google Scholar
Kettner, M. 1993. “Scientific Knowledge, Discourse Ethics and Consensus Formation in the Public Domain.” In Applied Ethics: A Reader, edited by Winkler, E. R. and Coombs, J. R.. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will. 2002. Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction. 2nd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Martin-Barbero, Jesús. 2017. “Bogotá: Between the Violence of Chaos and Civic Creativity.” Pp. 279294 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar
Melo, Jorge O. 1978. “Consideraciones sobre la situación universitaria.” Revista Colombiana de Educación 2:2, www.pedagogica.edu.co/storage/rce/numeros/rce2final.pdf.Google Scholar
Mockus, Antanas. 1994. “Anfibios culturales, moral y productividad.” Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 3: 125–35.Google Scholar
Nogueira de Oliveira, Mario. 2009. “Ethics and Citizenship Culture in Bogotá’s Urban Administration.” The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 41(1): 117.Google Scholar
Overland, Indra (ed.) 2018. Public Brainpower: Civil Society and Natural Resource Management. Cham: Palgrave-Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paffenholz, Thania and Spurk, Christoph. 2006. “Civil Society, Civic Engagement, and Peacebuilding,” Social Development Papers: Conflict Prevention & Reconstruction, Paper No. 36 (October), Social Development Department, The World Bank, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Posada Carbó, Eduardo. 2006. La nación soñada: Violencia, liberalismo y democracia en Colombia. Bogota: Fundación Ideas para la Paz, Editorial Norma.Google Scholar
Pouligny, B. 2005. “Civil Society and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding: Ambiguities of International Programmes Aimed at Building ‘New’ Societies.” Security Dialogue, 36(4): 495510.Google Scholar
Roche, Mark William. 2010. Why Choose the Liberal Arts?. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Ronderos, María Teresa. 2002. Retratos del poder: vidas extremas en la Colombia contemporánea. Bogota: Planeta.Google Scholar
Rüb, F. 2000. “Von der zivilen zur unzivilen Gesellschaft: Das Beispel des ehemaligen Jugoslawien.” Pp. 173201 in Systemwechsel 5. Zivillgesellschaft und Transformation, Merkel, W.. Opladen: Leske+Budrich.Google Scholar
Ruiz, Manuel. 2002. Sueños y realidades: Procesos de organización estudiantil, 1954–1966. Bogota: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Google Scholar
Sáenz Obregón, Javier. 2017. “Antanas Mockus as Pedagogue: Communicative Action, Civility, and Freedom.” Pp. 421–52 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar
Schmidt, S. 2000. “Die Rolle von Zivilgesellschaften in afrikanischen Systemwechseln.” Pp. 295334 in Systemwechsel 5. Zivillgesellschaft und Transformation, Merkel, W.. Opladen: Leske+Budrich.Google Scholar
Serrano, Sebastián. 2016a. “¿Borrar al Che de la Universidad Nacional?,” VICE, March 3, www.vice.com/es_co/article/pp5nzz/borrar-al-che-de-la-universidad-nacional.Google Scholar
Serrano, Sebastián. 2016b. “El misterioso origen de El Che de la Nacional,” VICE, October 25, www.vice.com/es_co/article/4w9k5q/che-universidad-nacional-santander-tropel-1976-policia.Google Scholar
Sommer, Doris. 2014. The Work of Art in the World. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Sommer, Doris. 2017. “‘Por Amor al Arte’: Haber-Mockus Plays with the Possible.” Pp. 251–76 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar
Strand, A. H. Toje, A. Jerve, and Samset, I.. 2003. “Community Driven Development in Contexts of Conflict.” Concept Paper Commissioned by ESSD, World Bank. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.Google Scholar
Tognato, Carlo. 2011. “Extending trauma across cultural divides: On kidnapping and solidarity in Colombia.” In Narrating Trauma: Studies in the Contingent Impact of Collective Suffering, edited by Alexander, Jeffrey, Eyerman, Ron, and Butler Breese, Elizabeth. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Tognato, Carlo. 2017. “Cultural Agents Reloaded through Antanas Mockus.” Pp. 2566 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar
Tognato, Carlo. 2018. “The Civil life of the University: Enacting Dissent and Resistance on a Colombian Campus.” Pp. 149–76 in The Civil Sphere in Latin America, edited by Alexander, Jeffrey and Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Touraine, Alain. 1992. “Beyond Social Movements.” Theory, Culture, and Society 9: 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Victor. 2017 [1969]. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Milton Park and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
United Nations. 2007. Civic Engagement in Public Policies: A Toolkit. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Vignolo, Paolo. 2017. “The Dark Side of Mooning: Antanas Mockus, between Norm and Transgression.” Pp. 463–93 in Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus, edited by Tognato, Carlo. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×