Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:07:09.699Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

17 - Biological factors in bipolar disorder in childhood and adolescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

By
Melissa A. Brotman ,
Banafsheh Sharif-Askary ,
Daniel P. Dickstein  and
Ellen Leibenluft
Edited by
Jair C. Soares  and
Allan H. Young
Jair C. Soares
Affiliation:
University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Allan H. Young
Affiliation:
King's College London
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Bipolar Disorders
Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
 , pp. 219 - 233
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adleman, N. E., Kayser, R., Dickstein, D., et al. Neural correlates of reversal learning in severe mood dysregulation and pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:1173–85 e2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adleman, N. E., Fromm, S. J., Razdan, V., et al. Cross-sectional and longitudinal abnormalities in brain structure in children with severe mood dysregulation or bipolar disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53:1149–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adleman, N. E., Kayser, R. R., Olsavsky, A. K., et al. Abnormal fusiform activation during emotional-face encoding assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatry Res. 2013;212:161–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adler, C. M., DelBello, M. P., Weber, W. A., et al. Neurochemical effects of quetiapine in patients with bipolar mania: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33: 528–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alberts, B., Kirschner, M. W., Tilghman, S. et al. Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:5773–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., Strick, P. L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1986;9:357–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Almeida, J. R., Akkal, D., Hassel, S., et al. Reduced gray matter volume in ventral prefrontal cortex but not amygdala in bipolar disorder: significant effects of gender and trait anxiety. Psychiatry Res. 2009a;171:54–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almeida, J. R., Versace, A., Mechelli, A., et al. Abnormal amygdala-prefrontal effective connectivity to happy faces differentiates bipolar from major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009b;66:451–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altshuler, L. L., Bartzokis, G., Grieder, T., et al. Amygdala enlargement in bipolar disorder and hippocampal reduction in schizophrenia: An MRI study demonstrating neuroanatomic specificity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:663–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Altshuler, L. L., Bartzokis, G., Grieder, T., et al. An MRI study of temporal lobe structures in men with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:147–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altshuler, L. L., Bookheimer, S. Y., Townsend, J., et al. Blunted activation in orbitofrontal cortex during mania: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:763–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Amercian Psychiatric Association, 2003.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.Google Scholar
Anand, A., Li, Y., Wang, Y., et al. Resting state corticolimbic connectivity abnormalities in unmedicated bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 2009;171:189–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anticevic, A., Brumbaugh, M. S., Winkler, A. M., et al. Global prefrontal and fronto-amygdala dysconnectivity in bipolar I disorder with psychosis history. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:565–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arts, B., Jabben, N., Krabbendam, L. et al. Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychol Med. 2008;38:771–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baloch, H. A., Hatch, J. P., Olvera, R. L., et al. Morphology of the subgenual prefrontal cortex in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44:1106–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, M. R., Lowery, N., Neel, J., et al. Neuropsychological impairment among manic, depressed, and mixed- episode inpatients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychology. 2002;16:84–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baxter, M. G. & Murray, E. A. The amygdala and reward. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3:563–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bearden, C. E., Hoffman, K. M. & Cannon, T. D. The neuropsychology and neuroanatomy of bipolar affective disorder: A critical review. Bipolar Disord. 2001;3:106–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedetti, F., Absinta, M., Rocca, M. A., et al. Tract-specific white matter structural disruption in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13:414–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J., Klein, R. G., Pine, D. S. et al. Resolved: mania is mistaken for ADHD in prepubertal children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:1091–6; discussion 1096–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J., Mick, E., Spencer, T. J., et al. Therapeutic dilemmas in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar depression in the young. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2000;10: 185–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Strober, M., et al. Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:175–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biswal, B. B. Resting state fMRI: a personal history. Neuroimage. 2012;62:938–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bitter, S. M., Weber, W. A., Chu, W. J., et al. N-acetyl aspartate levels in adolescents with bipolar and/or cannabis use disorders. J Dual Diagn. 2014;10:39–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blond, B. N., Fredericks, C. A., Blumberg, H. P. Functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: structure, function, and connectivity in an amygdala-anterior paralimbic neural system. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:340–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumberg, H. P., Kaufman, J., Martin, A., et al. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003a;60:1201–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Blumberg, H. P., Martin, A., Kaufman, J., et al. Frontostriatal abnormalities in adolescents with bipolar disorder: preliminary observations from functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry. 2003b;160:1345–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumberg, H. P., Donegan, N. H., Sanislow, C. A., et al. Preliminary evidence for medication effects on functional abnormalities in the amygdala and anterior cingulate in bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 2005a;183:308–13.Google ScholarPubMed
Blumberg, H. P., Fredericks, C., Wang, F., et al. Preliminary evidence for persistent abnormalities in amygdala volumes in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2005b;7:570–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bora, E., Yucel, M., Pantelis, C. Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Affect Disord. 2009;113:1–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brambilla, P., Harenski, K., Nicoletti, M., et al. MRI investigation of temporal lobe structures in bipolar patients. J Psychiatr Res. 2003;37:287–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Schmajuk, M., Rich, B. A., et al. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60:991–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Kassem, L., Reising, M. M., et al. Parental diagnoses in youth with narrow phenotype bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1238–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Guyer, A. E., Lawson, E. S. et al. Facial emotion labeling deficits in children and adolescents at risk for bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2008a;165:385–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Skup, M., Rich, B. A., et al. Risk for bipolar disorder is associated with face-processing deficits across emotions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008b;47:1455–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Guyer, A. E., et al. Amygdala activation during emotion processing of neutral faces in children with severe mood dysregulation versus ADHD or bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:61–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Tseng, W. L., Olsavsky, A. K., et al. Fronto- limbic-striatal dysfunction in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar disorder: impact of face emotion and attentional demands. Psychol Med. 2013;1–13.Google ScholarPubMed
Bruckl, T. M., Wittchen, H. U., Hofler, M., et al. Childhood separation anxiety and the risk of subsequent psychopathology: Results from a community study. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76:47–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cabeza, R., Nyberg, L. Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12:1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, G. A. Mania and ADHD: comorbidity or confusion. J Affect Disord. 1998;51:177–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaddock, C. A., Barker, G. J., Marshall, N., et al. White matter microstructural impairments and genetic liability to familial bipolar I disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194:527–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, K., Adleman, N., Dienes, K., et al. Decreased N-acetylaspartate in children with familial bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:1059–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, K., Karchemskiy, A., Barnea-Goraly, N., et al. Reduced amygdalar gray matter volume in familial pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:565–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, K., Delbello, M., Chu, W. J., et al. Neurometabolite effects of response to quetiapine and placebo in adolescents with bipolar depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012;22:261–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, C. H., Suckling, J., Lennox, B. R., et al. A quantitative meta-analysis of fMRI studies in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13:1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chepenik, L. G., Raffo, M., Hampson, M., et al. Functional connectivity between ventral prefrontal cortex and amygdala at low frequency in the resting state in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010;182:207–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chitty, K. M., Lagopoulos, J., Lee, R. S., et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;23:1348–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, L., Goodwin, G. M. State- and trait-related deficits in sustained attention in bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004;254:61–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J. et al. Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:173–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Egger, H., et al. Adult diagnostic and functional outcomes of DSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171:668–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davanzo, P., Thomas, M. A., Yue, K., et al. Decreased anterior cingulate myo-inositol/creatine spectroscopy resonance with lithium treatment in children with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;24:359–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davanzo, P., Yue, K., Thomas, M. A., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bipolar disorder versus intermittent explosive disorder in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1442–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DelBello, M. P., Zimmerman, M. E., Mills, N. P., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of amygdala and other subcortical brain regions in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:43–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delvecchio, G., Fossati, P., Boyer, P., et al. Common and distinct neural correlates of emotional processing in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a voxel-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012;22:100–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delvecchio, G., Sugranyes, G., Frangou, S. Evidence of diagnostic specificity in the neural correlates of facial affect processing in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Psychol Med. 2013;43:553–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derntl, B., Seidel, E. M., Kryspin-Exner, I., et al. Facial emotion recognition in patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Br J Clin Psychol. 2009;48:363–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deveney, C. M., Brotman, M. A., Decker, A. M., et al. Affective prosody labeling in youths with bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012a;53:262–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Deveney, C. M., Connolly, M. E., Jenkins, S. E., et al. Striatal dysfunction during failed motor inhibition in children at risk for bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012b;38:127–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Deveney, C. M., Connolly, M. E., Jenkins, S. E., et al. Neural recruitment during failed motor inhibition differentiates youths with bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Biol Psychol. 2012c;89:148–55.Google ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Treland, J. E., Snow, J., et al. Neuropsychological performance in pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:32–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Milham, M. P., Nugent, A. C., et al. Frontotemporal alterations in pediatric bipolar disorder: Results of a voxel-based morphometry study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:734–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Nelson, E. E., McClure, E. B., et al. Cognitive flexibility in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:341–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Finger, E. C., Brotman, M. A., et al. Impaired probabilistic reversal learning in youths with mood and anxiety disorders. Psychol Med. 2010a;40:1089–100.Google ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Finger, E. C., Skup, M., et al. Altered neural function in pediatric bipolar disorder during reversal learning. Bipolar Disord. 2010b;12:707–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Dickstein, D. P., Gorrostieta, C., Ombao, H., et al. Fronto-temporal spontaneous resting state functional connectivity in pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2010c;68:839–46.Google ScholarPubMed
Doyle, A. E., Wilens, T. E., Kwon, A., et al. Neuropsychological functioning in youth with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:540–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eker, C., Simsek, F., Yilmazer, E. E., et al. Brain regions associated with risk and resistance for bipolar I disorder: a voxel-based MRI study of patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings. Bipolar Disord. 2014;16:249–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emsell, L., Chaddock, C., Forde, N., et al. White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study. Psychol Med. 2013;1–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Faedda, G. L., Baldessarini, R. J., Suppes, T., et al. Pediatric-onset bipolar disorder: A neglected clinicial and public health problem. Harvard Rev Psychiatry. 1995;3:171–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, P., Baciu, M., Pichat, C., et al. fMRI evidence for abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2014;165:182–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fears, S. C., Service, S. K., Kremeyer, B., et al. Multisystem component phenotypes of bipolar disorder for genetic investigations of extended pedigrees. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:375–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foland-Ross, L. C., Bookheimer, S. Y., Lieberman, M. D., et al. Normal amygdala activation but deficient ventrolateral prefrontal activation in adults with bipolar disorder during euthymia. Neuroimage. 2012;59:738–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frangou, S. Snipping at the endophenotypic space. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1223–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frazier, J. A., Breeze, J. L., Papadimitriou, G., et al. White matter abnormalities in children with and at risk for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9:799–809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fu, C. H., Mourao-Miranda, J., Costafreda, S. G., et al. Pattern classification of sad facial processing: toward the development of neurobiological markers in depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63:656–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garrett, A. S., Reiss, A. L., Howe, M. E., et al. Abnormal amygdala and prefrontal cortex activation to facial expressions in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;51:821–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geller, B., Fox, L. W. & Clark, K. A. Rate and predictors of prepubertal bipolarity during follow-up of 6- to 12-year-old depressed children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33:461–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2:861–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gigante, A. D., Bond, D. J., Lafer, B., et al. Brain glutamate levels measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:478–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glahn, D. C., Bearden, C. E., Niendam, T. A. et al. The feasibility of neuropsychological endophenotypes in the search for genes associated with bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:171–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glahn, D. C., Almasy, L., Barguil, M., et al. Neurocognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder identified in multiplex multigenerational families. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:168–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorrindo, T., Blair, R. J., Budhani, S., et al. Deficits on a probabilistic response-reversal task in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1975–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottesman, II, Gould, T. D. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:636–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottfried, J. A., O’Doherty, J., Dolan, R. J. Encoding predictive reward value in human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Science. 2003;301:1104–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guyer, A. E., McClure, E. B., Adler, A. D., et al. Specificity of facial expression labeling deficits in childhood psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48:863–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hajek, T., Alda, M., Hajek, E. et al. Functional neuroanatomy of response inhibition in bipolar disorders – combined voxel based and cognitive performance meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2013a;47:1955–66.Google ScholarPubMed
Hajek, T., Cullis, J., Novak, T., et al. Brain structural signature of familial predisposition for bipolar disorder: replicable evidence for involvement of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Biol Psychiatry. 2013b;73:144–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Haller, S., Xekardaki, A., Delaloye, C., et al. Combined analysis of grey matter voxel-based morphometry and white matter tract-based spatial statistics in late-life bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2011;36:391–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hariri, A. R., Drabant, E. M., Munoz, K. E., et al. A susceptibility gene for affective disorders and the response of the human amygdala. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:146–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houenou, J., Frommberger, J., Carde, S., et al. Neuroimaging-based markers of bipolar disorder: evidence from two meta-analyses. J Affect Disord. 2011;132:344–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T. R. Mental disorders in childhood: shifting the focus from behavioral symptoms to neurodevelopmental trajectories. JAMA. 2014a;311:1727–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Insel, T. R. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project: precision medicine for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 2014b;171:395–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., et al. Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:748–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iverson, G. L., Brooks, B. L., Young, A. H. Rapid computerized assessment of neurocognitive deficits in bipolar disorder. Appl Neuropsychol. 2009;16:207–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izquierdo, A., Murray, E. A. Combined unilateral lesions of the amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex impair affective processing in rhesus monkeys. J Neurophysiol. 2004;91:2023–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Brook, J. S. Associations between bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders during adolescence and early adulthood: a community-based longitudinal investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1679–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalmar, J. H., Wang, F., Chepenik, L. G., et al. Relation between amygdala structure and function in adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:636–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaur, S., Sassi, R. B., Axelson, D., et al. Cingulate cortex anatomical abnormalities in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1637–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keener, M. T., Fournier, J. C., Mullin, B. C., et al. Dissociable patterns of medial prefrontal and amygdala activity to face identity versus emotion in bipolar disorder. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1913–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, P., Jenkins, S. E., Connolly, M. E., et al. Neural correlates of cognitive flexibility in children at risk for bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2012a;46:22–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, P., Thomas, L. A., Rosen, B. H., et al. Differing amygdala responses to facial expressions in children and adults with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2012b;169:642–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., et al. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:709–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimura, M., Yamada, H., Matsumoto, N. Tonically active neurons in the striatum encode motivational contexts of action. Brain Devel. 2003;25(Suppl 1):S20–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohler, C. G., Hoffman, L. J., Eastman, L. B., et al. Facial emotion perception in depression and bipolar disorder: a quantitative review. Psychiatry Res. 2011;188:303–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kupferschmidt, D. A., Zakzanis, K. K. Toward a functional neuroanatomical signature of bipolar disorder: quantitative evidence from the neuroimaging literature. Psychiatry Res. 2011;193:71–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladouceur, C. D., Farchione, T., Diwadkar, V., et al. Differential patterns of abnormal activity and connectivity in the amygdala-prefrontal circuitry in bipolar-I and bipolar-NOS youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:1275–89 e2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrence, N. S., Williams, A. M., Surguladze, S., et al. Subcortical and ventral prefrontal cortical neural responses to facial expressions distinguish patients with bipolar disorder and major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:578–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E. Severe mood dysregulation, irritability, and the diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder in youths. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:129–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E. Categories and dimensions, brain and behavior: the yins and yangs of psychopathology. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:15–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E., Charney, D. S., Towbin, K. E., et al. Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:430–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E., Rich, B. A., Vinton, D. T., et al. Neural circuitry engaged during unsuccessful motor inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:52–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lembke, A., Ketter, T. A. mpaired recognition of facial emotion in mania. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:302–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., Seeley, J. R. Bipolar disorders in a community sample of older adolescents: Prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:454–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., Seeley, J. R. Bipolar disorder during adolescence and young adulthood in a community sample. Bipolar Disord. 2000;2:281–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D. N. Bipolar disorders during adolescence. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108:47–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, M. D., Berkman, E. T., Wager, T. D. Correlations in social neuroscience aren’t voodoo. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009;4:299–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linke, J., King, A. V., Rietschel, M., et al. Increased medial orbitofrontal and amygdala activation: evidence for a systems-level endophenotype of bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169:316–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linke, J., King, A. V., Poupon, C., et al. Impaired anatomical connectivity and related executive functions: differentiating vulnerability and disease marker in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74:908–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, I. Y., Howe, M., Garrett, A., et al. Striatal volumes in pediatric bipolar patients with and without comorbid ADHD. Psychiatry Res. 2011;194:14–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopez-Larson, M., Michael, E. S., Terry, J. E., et al. Subcortical differences among youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to those with bipolar disorder with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19:31–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyoo, I. K., Kim, M. J., Stoll, A. L., et al. Frontal lobe gray matter density decreases in bipolar I disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:648–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahon, K., Burdick, K. E., Ikuta, T., et al. Abnormal temporal lobe white matter as a biomarker for genetic risk of bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:177–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinez-Aran, A., Vieta, E., Reinares, M., et al. Cognitive function across manic or hypomanic, depressed, and euthymic states in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:262–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClure, E. B., Pope, K., Hoberman, A. J., et al. Facial expression recognition in adolescents with mood and anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1172–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClure, E. B., Treland, J. E., Snow, J., et al. Memory and learning in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005a;44:461–9.Google ScholarPubMed
McClure, E. B., Treland, J. E., Snow, J., et al. Deficits in social cognition and response flexibility in pediatric bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005b;162:1644–51.Google ScholarPubMed
McIntosh, A. M., Job, D. E., Moorhead, T. W., et al. White matter density in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:254–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McIntosh, A. M., Munoz Maniega, S., Lymer, G. K., et al. White matter tractography in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;64:1088–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merikangas, K. R., Cui, L., Kattan, G., et al. Mania with and without depression in a community sample of US adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:943–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, E. K., Cohen, J. D. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:167–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mourao-Miranda, J., Almeida, J. R., Hassel, S., et al. Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in unipolar and bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord. 2012a;14:451–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Mourao-Miranda, J., Oliveira, L., Ladouceur, C. D., et al. Pattern recognition and functional neuroimaging help to discriminate healthy adolescents at risk for mood disorders from low risk adolescents. PLoS One. 2012b;7:e29482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, F. C., Sahakian, B. J. Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;178 :s120–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nortje, G., Stein, D. J., Radua, J., et al. Systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:192–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nowicki, S., Duke, M. Individual differences in the nonverbal communication of affect: The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale. J Nonverbal Behav. 1994;18:9–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Doherty, J., Dayan, P., Schultz, J., et al. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science. 2004;304:452–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Oertel-Knochel, V., Reinke, B., Alves, G., et al. Frontal white matter alterations are associated with executive cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2014;155:223–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsavsky, A. K., Brotman, M. A., Rutenberg, J. G., et al. Amygdala hyperactivation during face emotion processing in unaffected youth at risk for bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;51:294–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Passarotti, A. M., Sweeney, J. A., Pavuluri, M. N. Neural correlates of response inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010;181:36–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasupathy, A., Miller, E. K. Different time courses of learning-related activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Nature. 2005;433:873–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, N. C., DelBello, M. P., Cecil, K. M., et al. Temporal change in N-acetyl-aspartate concentrations in adolescents with bipolar depression treated with lithium. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18:132–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pavuluri, M. N., Passarotti, A. Neural bases of emotional processing in pediatric bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008;8:1381–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pavuluri, M. N., O’Connor, M. M., Harral, E. et al. Affective neural circuitry during facial emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:158–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pavuluri, M. N., Passarotti, A. M., Harral, E. M. et al. An fMRI study of the neural correlates of incidental versus directed emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009a;48:308–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Pavuluri, M. N., Yang, S., Kamineni, K., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging study of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2009b;65:586–93.Google ScholarPubMed
Pavuluri, M. N., Passarotti, A. M., Harral, E. M. et al. Enhanced prefrontal function with pharmacotherapy on a response inhibition task in adolescent bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:1526–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearlson, G. D., Barta, P. E., Powers, R. E., et al. Medial and superior temporal gyral volumes and cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1997;41:1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pereira, F., Mitchell, T., Botvinick, M. Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: a tutorial overview. Neuroimage, 2009;45:S199–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfeifer, J. C., Welge, J., Strakowski, S. M., et al. Meta-analysis of amygdala volumes in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47:1289–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, M. L., Swartz, H. A. A critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and a road map for future research. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171(8):829–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L. et al. Neurobiology of emotion perception II: Implications for major psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:515–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poldrack, R. A., Mumford, J. A. Independence in ROI analysis: where is the voodoo? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009;4:208–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I., Rothbart, M. K. Attention, self-regulation and consciousness. Philos Transact R Soc Lond. Ser B, Biol Sci. 1998;353:1915–27.Google ScholarPubMed
Quirk, G. J., Beer, J. S. Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006;16:723–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rich, B. A., Vinton, D. T., Roberson-Nay, R., et al. Limbic hyperactivation during processing of neutral facial expressions in children with bipolar disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:8900–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rich, B. A., Grimley, M. E., Schmajuk, M., et al. Face emotion labeling deficits in children with bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Dev Psychopathol. 2008;20:529–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolls, E. T. Neurophysiology and cognitive functions of the striatum 1. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1994;150:648–60.Google Scholar
Rubinsztein, J. S., Michael, A., Paykel, E. S. et al. Cognitive impairment in remission in bipolar affective disorder. Psychol Med. 2000;30:1025–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarrazin, S., Poupon, C., Linke, J., et al. A multicenter tractography study of deep white matter tracts in bipolar I disorder: psychotic features and interhemispheric disconnectivity. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:388–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savitz, J., Solms, M., Ramesar, R. Neuropsychological dysfunction in bipolar affective disorder: a critical opinion. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:216–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sax, K. W., Strakowski, S. M., McElroy, S. L., et al. Attention and formal thought disorder in mixed and and pure mania. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37:420–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sax, K. W., Strakowski, S. M., Zimmerman, M. E., et al. Frontosubcortical neuroanatomy and the continuous performance test in mania. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:139–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaefer, K. L., Baumann, J., Rich, B. A., et al. Perception of facial emotion in adults with bipolar or unipolar depression and controls. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44:1229–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schenkel, L. S., Pavuluri, M. N., Herbener, E. S., et al. Facial emotion processing in acutely ill and euthymic patients with pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:1070–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schenkel, L. S., Marlow-O’Connor, M., Moss, M., et al. Theory of mind and social inference in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med. 2008;38:791–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scherk, H., Kemmer, C., Usher, J., et al. No change to grey and white matter volumes in bipolar I disorder patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;258:345–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schultz, W., Tremblay, L., Hollerman, J. R. Reward processing in primate orbiotfrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Cerebral Cotex. 2000;10:272–84.Google ScholarPubMed
Selvaraj, S., Arnone, D., Job, D., et al. Grey matter differences in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:135–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seymour, K. E., Pescosolido, M. F., Reidy, B. L., et al. Emotional face identification in youths with primary bipolar disorder or primary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52:537–46 e3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, M. K., Chang, K. D., Mazaika, P., et al. Neural correlates of response inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010;20:15–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, M. K., Chang, K. D., Chen, M. C., et al. Volumetric reductions in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:585–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, M. K., Jo, B., Adleman, N. E., et al. Prospective neurochemical characterization of child offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;214:153–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Wozniak, J., et al. Parsing pediatric bipolar disorder from its associated comorbidity with the disruptive behavior disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;49:1062–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strakowski, S. M., DelBello, M. P., Sax, K. W., et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of structural abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:254–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strakowski, S. M., Adler, C. M., Almeida, J., et al. The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a consensus model. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:313–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A. Irritability in children and adolescents: a challenge for DSM-5. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:61–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Goodman, R. Longitudinal outcome of youth oppositionality: irritable, headstrong, and hurtful behaviors have distinctive predictions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:404–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Cohen, P., Pine, D. S. et al. Adult outcomes of youth irritability: a 20-year prospective community-based study. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:1048–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Baroni, A., Haimm, C., et al. Pediatric bipolar disorder versus severe mood dysregulation: risk for manic episodes on follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49:397–405.Google ScholarPubMed
Surguladze, S. A., Marshall, N., Schulze, K., et al. Exaggerated neural response to emotional faces in patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. Neuroimage. 2010;53:58–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teng, S., Lu, C. F., Wang, P. S., et al. Altered resting-state functional connectivity of striatal-thalamic circuit in bipolar disorder. PLoS One. 2014;9:e96422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, L. A., Brotman, M. A., Muhrer, E. J., et al. Parametric modulation of neural activity by emotion in youth with bipolar disorder, youth with severe mood dysregulation, and healthy volunteers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:1257–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, L. A., Kim, P., Bones, B. L., et al. Elevated amygdala responses to emotional faces in youths with chronic irritability or bipolar disorder. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:637–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torrisi, S., Moody, T. D., Vizueta, N., et al. Differences in resting corticolimbic functional connectivity in bipolar I euthymia. Bipolar Disord. 2013;15:156–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Townsend, J. D., Torrisi, S. J., Lieberman, M. D., et al. Frontal-amygdala connectivity alterations during emotion downregulation in bipolar I disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:127–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tseng, W.-L., Bones, B. L., Kayser, R. R., et al. An fMRI study of emotional face encoding in youth at risk for bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30(1):94–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Meter, A. R., Moreira, A. L., Youngstrom, E. A. Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:1250–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rheenen, T. E., Rossell, S. L. Is the non-verbal behavioural emotion-processing profile of bipolar disorder impaired? A critical review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128:163–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rheenen, T. E., Rossell, S. L. Let’s face it: facial emotion processing is impaired in bipolar disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014;20:200–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vederine, F. E., Wessa, M., Leboyer, M. et al. A meta-analysis of whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging studies in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35:1820–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Versace, A., Almeida, J. R., Hassel, S., et al. Elevated left and reduced right orbitomedial prefrontal fractional anisotropy in adults with bipolar disorder revealed by tract-based spatial statistics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:1041–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vul, E., Harris, C., Winkielman, P. et al. Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009;4:274–90.Google ScholarPubMed
Weathers, J. D., Stringaris, A., Deveney, C. M., et al. A developmental study of the neural circuitry mediating motor inhibition in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169:633–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weathers, J., Brotman, M. A., Deveney, C. M., et al. A developmental study on the neural circuitry mediating response flexibility in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;214:56–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wegbreit, E., Cushman, G. K., Puzia, M. E., et al. Developmental meta-analyses of the functional neural correlates of bipolar disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(8):926–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weller, E., Weller, R. A., Dogin, J. W. A rose is a rose is a rose. J Affect Disord. 1998;51:189–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitney, J., Howe, M., Shoemaker, V., et al. Socio-emotional processing and functioning of youth at high risk for bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;148:112–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilder-Willis, K. E., Sax, K. W., Rosenberg, H. L., et al. Persistent attentional dysfunction in remitted bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2001;3:58–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilke, M., Kowatch, R. A., DelBello, M. P., et al. Voxel-based morphometry in adolescents with bipolar disorder: first results. Psychiatry Res. 2004;131:57–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winsberg, M. E., Sachs, N., Tate, D. L., et al. Decreased dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetyl aspartate in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47:475–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wozniak, J., Biederman, J., Kiely, K et al. Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:867–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, M., Lu, L. H., Passarotti, A. M., et al. Altered affective, executive and sensorimotor resting state networks in patients with pediatric mania. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2013;38:232–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Zink, C. F., Pagnoni, G., Martin-Skurski, M. E., et al. Human striatal responses to monetary reward depend on saliency. Neuron. 2004;42:509–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×