This chapter provides a brief review and motivation for the use of nonparametric Bayes methods in biostatistical applications. Clearly, the nonparametric Bayes biostatistical literature is increasingly vast, and it is not possible to present properly or even mention most of the approaches that have been proposed. Instead, the focus here is entirely on methods utilizing random probability measures, with the emphasis on a few approaches that seem particularly useful in addressing the considerable challenges faced in modern biostatistical research. In addition, the emphasis will be entirely on practical applications-motivated considerations, with the goal of moving the reader towards implementing related approaches for their own data. Readers interested in the theoretical motivation, which is certainly a fascinating area in itself, are referred to the cited papers and to Chapters 1–4.