APEC faces both internal and external challenges to its relevance in the Asia-Pacific regional architecture. Its internal challenges arise from conditions such as slow progress in regional integration; diverse membership; soft institutional structure and lack of focused and concrete agendas. Externally, it faces competition from other vehicles for regional economic cooperation like the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the ASEAN+1 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Since APEC and TPP are both trans-pacific arrangements, it is important to consider whether or not TPP is a consequence of APEC's limited integration progress. TPP certainly exhibits almost the reverse of APEC's weaknesses. However, APEC's relevance is not expected to fade. There are several political economy reasons for this. APEC has several achievements such as the lowering of tariff in multiple sectors and its work on trade and investment facilitation. While TPP can address the next generation of trade issues, APEC will continue with its more accommodating approach of trade and investment liberalization. From the United States’ perspective, APEC will continue to be a key economic forum where the leaders of the United States and China can meet on an annual basis. What APEC needs to address are the challenges arising out of diverse membership. It has to minimize conflicts among member economies, work on its soft institutional structure, and redefine its relevance for the future regional economic architecture. It should identify its “niche” and continue with business, trade and investment facilitation to generate concrete “deliverables”.