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30 - Cell Death Regulation in the Hematopoietic System

from Part II - Cell Death in Tissues and Organs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

Douglas R. Green
By
Paul A. Ney
Edited by
John C. Reed
Douglas R. Green
Affiliation:
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
Paul A. Ney
Affiliation:
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
John C. Reed
Affiliation:
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Summary

Introduction

The hematopoietic system is a dynamic multilineage organ, from which we can gain insights into the physiologic roles of cell death pathways. The role of hematopoiesis is to produce blood cells under normal and stress conditions throughout the lifespan of an organism. In humans, effective function of the hematopoietic system entails the steady and regulated production of erythrocytes, which carry oxygen; platelets, which prevent bleeding; and granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes, which are required for host defense. Remarkably, these varied cell types are derived from a common ancestor, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). HSCs are known for certain key properties: they are long-lived and self-renewing and give rise to a steady supply of multipotential progenitor cells (MPPs) that are committed to undergo differentiation. MPPs in turn give rise to progenitors with a progressively restricted developmental potential; these undergo regulated expansion and, eventually, commitment to terminal differentiation. The terminal differentiation program is characterized by decreased proliferation or mitotic arrest, global changes in gene expression, and cellular remodeling. Finally, cells that have fulfilled their purpose, or senescent cells, are cleared from the body to make room for new cells, or after a stress response to re-establish homeostasis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Apoptosis
Physiology and Pathology
 , pp. 350 - 362
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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