The theoretical construct of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses the interaction of cognition, behavior, and affect. These are areas that are speculated to be dysregulated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This chapter examines the design and results of six studies of psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD. The six major psychosocial research studies since 1999 are: Wilens et al.; Hesslinger et al., which is a modification of Linehan's dialectical behavior therapy; Stevenson et al., based on cognitive remediation and CBT, and Stevenson et al., which was a modification of the 2002 protocol requiring less direct therapist involvement; and Safren et al., an adaptation of standard CBT techniques and the treatment guidelines in McDermott. The cognitive-behavioral therapy of ADHD in adults essentially has two components: establishing structure in the adult's life and teaching the patient the skills necessary to deal with impediments to establishing and maintaining structure.