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1 - The De XII abusiuis saeculi: Contexts and Textual Traditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2024

Constant Jan Mews
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
Kathleen Neal
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
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Summary

Abstract

This chapter considers both the scriptural and patristic influences shaping the core themes of the De XII abusiuis saeculi and the diffusion of its text between the late eighth and sixteenth centuries. It considers how abusio and abusiua, traditionally understood as misuse of words, were expanded in meaning in this work to refer to abusive behaviour. It introduces the literary context of its composition in seventh-century Ireland, before examining the diffusion of the text on the continent, not just through its being quoted in the canon law collection known as Hibernensis, but through being copied as a work of Cyprian (dominant in the Carolingian period) or of Augustine (increasingly common in the twelfth century).

Keywords: Abuses, Grammar, Textual Transmission, Manuscripts, Reform, Political behaviour

The De XII abusiuis saeculi attracted readers throughout the medieval period. Over four hundred manuscripts survive from between the eighth and sixteenth centuries containing either its complete text, excerpts, or simply a list of its numbering of twelve abuses of the age. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries, it circulated mostly under the name of Cyprian of Carthage (d. c. 251), while its attribution to Augustine of Hippo (d. c. 431) became more frequent between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. In the late fifteenth century, DDAS was printed under both names. Its popularity across the medieval period makes its influence complicated to track. In 1909, Siegmund Hellmann relied mostly on ninth- or tenth-century manuscripts in which DDAS was attributed to Cyprian for his critical edition. In 1988, Aidan Breen argued that a better text was preserved in what he called ‘Class 1’ manuscripts, most from the twelfth century, in which it was often attributed to Augustine, than in those Class 2 and 3 MSS, in which it was assigned to Cyprian. What can we learn from the textual transmission of DDAS about both the original context of its composition and the varying ways in which its authority was asserted? Sketching out the various phases of interest in DDAS, studied in more detail in other chapters in this volume, enables us to map out larger questions about the evolving notions of ‘abuse’ and ‘injustice’ in the medieval period. A case can be made for relating phases of interest in the work to periods of crisis in political or religious life.

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Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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