Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Thermal stability
- 1 Polymer nanocomposites
- 2 Mechanism of thermal degradation of layered silicates modified with ammonium and other thermally stable salts
- 3 Thermal stability of polystyrene nanocomposites from improved thermally stable organoclays
- 4 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites using nanoclays modified with thermally stable surfactants
- 5 Thermally stable polyimide/4,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)phenylsulfone-modified clay nanocomposites
- 6 Clays modified with thermally stable ionic liquids with applications in polyolefin and polylactic acid nanocomposites
- Part II Flame retardancy
- Index
- References
1 - Polymer nanocomposites
Layered silicates, surface modifications, and thermal stability
from Part I - Thermal stability
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2011
By
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Thermal stability
- 1 Polymer nanocomposites
- 2 Mechanism of thermal degradation of layered silicates modified with ammonium and other thermally stable salts
- 3 Thermal stability of polystyrene nanocomposites from improved thermally stable organoclays
- 4 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites using nanoclays modified with thermally stable surfactants
- 5 Thermally stable polyimide/4,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)phenylsulfone-modified clay nanocomposites
- 6 Clays modified with thermally stable ionic liquids with applications in polyolefin and polylactic acid nanocomposites
- Part II Flame retardancy
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Inorganic fillers have conventionally been added to polymer matrices to enhance their mechanical strength and other properties, as well as to reduce the cost of the overall composites. Layered aluminosilicates, also popularly described as clays, are one such type of filler, which are responsible for a revolutionary change in polymer composite synthesis as well as for transforming polymer composites into polymer nanocomposites. Aluminosilicate particles consist of stacks of 1 nm–thick aluminosilicate layers (or platelets) in which a central octahedral aluminum sheet is fused between two tetrahedral silicon sheets. Owing to isomorphic substitutions, there is a net negative charge on the surface of the platelets that is compensated for by the adsorption of alkali or alkaline earth metal cations. Because of the presence of alkali or alkaline earth metal cations on their surfaces, the platelets are electrostatically bound to each other, causing an interlayer to form in between. The majority of the cations are present in the interlayers bound to the surfaces of the platelets, but a small number of cations are bound to the edges of the platelets. Though the use of layered aluminosilicates has been documented in some older studies, indicating their potential for substantially improving polymer properties, reports from Toyota researchers in the early nineties attracted serious attention. In these studies, polyamide nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization in the presence of clay with organic modifiers.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
References
Reviews in MineralogyBlacksburgVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 1984Google Scholar
Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-Ray IdentificationLondonMineralogical Society 1980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohols) by montmorilloniteJournal of Colloid Science 18 1963 647CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Synthesis and properties of polyimide–clay hybridJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 1993 2493CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gas permeabilities in rubber–clay hybridJournal of Materials Science Letters 12 1993 889CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Synthesis and barrier properties of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)–layered silicate nanocompositesJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 1995 1047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
On the nature of polyimide–clay hybrid compositesChemistry of Materials 6 1994 573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites: An overviewApplied Clay Science 15 1999 11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preparation and interaction characteristics of organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposite with miscible polymer blend of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylateChemistry of Materials 14 2002 1989CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nanolayer reinforcement of elastomeric polyurethaneChemistry of Materials 10 1998 3769CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Synthesis and properties of polyimide–clay hybrid filmsJournal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 1997 22893.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Interfacial effects on the reinforcement properties of polymer–organoclay nanocompositesChemistry of Materials 8 1996 1584CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flammability properties of polymer–layered-silicate nanocomposites: Polypropylene and polystyrene nanocompositesChemistry of Materials 12 2000 1866CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Structure and phase transitions of alkyl chains on micaJournal of the American Chemical Society 125 2003 9500CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surface treatment of clay minerals: Thermal stability, basal plane spacing and surface coverageJournal of Materials Chemistry 13 2003 2359CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rheology of end tethered polymer layered silicate nanocompositesMacromolecules 30 1997 4097CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polymer nanocomposites: From fundamental research to specific applicationsMaterials Science and Engineering C 23 2003 763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preparation and characterization of melt-compounded polyethylene/vermiculite nanocompositesJournal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 41 2003 1476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preparation of poly(propylene carbonate)/organo-vermiculite nanocomposites via direct melt intercalationEuropean Polymer Journal 41 2005 881CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Structure and properties of alkylammonium monolayers self-assembled on montmorillonite plateletsJournal of Physical Chemistry B 108 2004 2580CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Self-assembly of alkylammonium chains on montmorillonite: Effect of chain length, headgroup structure, and cation exchange capacityChemistry of Materials 19 2007 59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Synthesis and properties of two-dimensional nanostructures by direct intercalation of polymer melts in layered silicatesChemistry of Materials 5 1993 1694CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conducting molecular multilayers: Intercalation of conjugated polymers in layered mediaMaterials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 171 1990 39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, microstructure and propertiesOptimization of Polymer Nanocomposite PropertiesWeinheimWiley–VCH 2009 1Google Scholar
Role of clean clay surface on composite propertiesPolymer Nanocomposites: Advances in Filler Surface ModificationsNew York:Nova Science Publishers 2009 143Google Scholar
Poly(propylene)-layered silicate nanocomposites: Gas permeation properties and clay exfoliationMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics 208 2007 68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Effect of the presence of excess ammonium ions on the clay surface on permeation properties of epoxy nanocompositesJournal of Materials Science 43 2008 4972CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate clay/nanocomposites, 1Applied Clay Science 15 1999 31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites and their gas permeation propertiesMacromolecules 37 2004 7250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gas permeation and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites with thermally-stable imidazolium modified clayEuropean Polymer Journal 43 2007 3727CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thermal degradation studies of alkyl-imidazolium salts and their application in nanocompositesThermochimica Acta 409 2004 3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polypropylene-layered silicate nanocomposites: Filler matrix interactions and mechanical propertiesJournal of Thermoplastic Composites Materials 20 2007 575CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preparation and characterization of polybenzimidazole–clay hybrid materialsMaterials Science and Engineering B 107 2004 166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polystyrene nanocomposites based on quinolinium and pyridinium surfactantsPolymer Degradation and Stability 91 2006 848CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enhanced thermal properties of PS nanocomposites formed from montmorillonite treated with a surfactant/cyclodextrin inclusion complexPolymer 46 2005 741CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polypropylene nanocomposites with thermally-stable imidazolium modified clay: Mechanical modeling and effect of compatibilizerJournal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 22 2009 453CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Physical adsorption of organic molecules on the surface of layered silicate clay platelets: A thermogravimetric studyJournal of Colloid and Interface Science 327 2008 295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed