Experience has taught us that some consciousness-raising about the differences between archaeological and ethnoarchaeological fieldwork is necessary before young archaeologists are let loose to deal with live “subjects” in the field. This chapter does a little of that but is no substitute for a manual on research methods and the conduct of ethnographic and sociological fieldwork. Of these there are many (e.g., Bernard 1994; Babbie 1998; Berg 1998) to which we strongly recommend that all refer. A second purpose is to encourage critical reading of ethnoarchaeological studies. We are here concerned to establish standards rather than to criticize particular examples, and we will comment on method in discussion of the case studies treated in later chapters. What information about the production of an ethnoarchaeological work does the reader require to evaluate its conclusions?