Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) is a synthetic cathinone with uneven distribution throughout the world. Its use is not uniformly regulated and its distribution is legal in some European countries. Easily accessible and available through different websites. Synthetic cathinones inhibit monoamine transporters which include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, resulting in increased neurotransmitter synaptic concentration. Ways of administration show wide range regarding latency period. Onset and appearance of symptoms as well as their duration and intensity may fluctuate. A decreasing order of latency (oral, inhaled, sublingual and intravenous) has been reported. α-PHP can result in the appearance of psychiatric symptoms, include among others, intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes.

The aim of our study was to assess the epidemiology, clinical and legal features regarding Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP).

Review the current bibliography to upgrade the existing knowledge. -Present assorted cases with diverse clinical features. All cases include variability through psychopathological interview, symptoms assessment and treatment response according to rating scales (PANSS, YMRS). -Evaluate different treatment administration ways during acute phase and after hospital discharge.

Differences were observed after hospitalization in the response using diverse rating scales. We used antipsychotics to treat intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes. α-PHP had a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.

α-PHP is a synthetic cathinone with potential risk to mental health and life of users. It is mandatory to implement common legislation all through the European Union to prevent its use and possible implications on population’s mental health.

No significant relationships.

The research was carried out in Poland between 7-19 March 2021 with the help of online questionnaire on a group of 183 male aged 18-20. The subjects were divided into two age groups: 18-29 and 30-40. The second division are chemsex and non chemsex users.

Objective of this research was to test whether attachment styles, ways of coping with stress and feeling of sense of life influence the risk of overusing chemsex in MSM groups aged 18-29 and 30-40.

Online questionnaire composed of demographics and 3 psychological tests: Ways of Attachment Questionnaire (Polpa 2008) Ways of Coping Questionaire (polish adaptation by P. Szczepaniak, J. Strelau, K. Wrześniewski) Life Attitude Profile - Revised (polish adaptation by R. Klamut)

Examinated chemsex users, based on life attitudes analysis, tend to lead a strongly oriented life, are convinced of having clear and well-defined goals. In terms of dealing with stress they are presenting focused-on-task style, they exhibit lowered levels of avoidant style than normally characteristic for addicts. The research did not reveal any connection between chemsex users and attachment styles.

The research did not allow to clearly point out any connections between risk factors and chemsex usage. During data analysis some weak links occurred, nevertheless too weak to state any risk factors. As results of carried out research it was possible to determine some models, which marked some specific values, obtained on given scales, and following connections between heightening and lowering chance of chemsex usage.

No significant relationships.

Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) is defined by the development of psychotic symptoms during or briefly after intoxication with cannabis or withdrawal from cannabis. The social measures and restrictions implemented following the COVID-19 pandemic might have had an impact on cannabis availability, as suggested by patients from our clinical practice, reporting a shortage of the substance.

To compare sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and admission rates of inpatient treatment for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder in COVID-19 pandemic period and pre-pandemic period.

Retrospective observational study of inpatient admissions for CIPD in a psychiatry inpatient unit of a tertiary hospital. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 27.0.

Our sample included 120 inpatient admissions, corresponding to 80 patients. Compared to 2018 and 2019, in 2020 there was an overall reduction of 21.5% in inpatient admissions (n=618, 549 and 458, respectively). The number of admissions for CIPD in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 up to september were, respectively, 29, 32, 10 and 31 (5.2%, 6.1%, 2.2% and 7.2% of respective annual admissions). We found no statistically significant differences regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in patients admitted for CIPD during 2020.

These results suggest a disproportionate reduction of inpatient admissions due to CIPD in 2020, followed by an expressive increase in the number of admissions in 2021up to september. This might be related to cannabis availability returning to regular levels. However other factors must be considered, such as the delay of treatment due to reduced accessibility to health care.

No significant relationships.

Drug poisonings is a continuous public health problem in Russia and worldwide.

The objective of the study was to provide characteristics of lethal drug poisonings in a northern Russian region.

The data on deaths from drug poisoning that occurred between 2018 and September 2021, systematically collected by the Regional Center on the Organization of the Narcological and Psychiatric service of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia, was analyzed.

Among 220 cases of fatal drug poisoning the overwhelming majority (90.4%) occurred among males. The number of cases increased annually from 27 in 2018 to 71 in 2020. The average age of death increased from 33.6 years in 2018 to 38.2 years in 2021. Over two thirds of deceased (70.9%) had complete secondary or vocational secondary level of education, almost one third (30.0%) were skilled workers, and slightly less than half (44.1%) were unemployed. The most common causes of death were methadone poisoning (34.5%), poisoning with other opioids (21.8%), other synthetic drugs (17.3%), other unspecified drugs (11.8%), and psychostimulants (10.0%). Alcohol intoxication was identified as a concomitant cause of death in every fourth case (26.0%), of which 98% were among males. Most often, alcohol was present in the blood at a concentration of 120 mg/ml and above. Every fourth deceased (23.6%) was registered with narcology health service for drug addiction.

Fatal poisonings with narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is a growing public health problem in a northern industrial region of Russia, which affects predominantly working-age males and requires comprehensive multisectoral response.

No significant relationships.

Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is a serious condition and may predispose for schizophrenia. We know too little about SIP incidence over time and across countries, including substance-specific SIPs. We estimated annual incidence rate of SIP in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden according to substance, age, gender, and socioeconomic background.

Data were drawn from registries covering the whole adult population in the countries. Annual incidence rate per 100 000 persons of SIPs was estimated for Denmark and Sweden from 2000 to 2016 and for Norway from 2010 to 2015.

The annual incidence rate of any SIP fluctuated between 9.3 and 14.1. The most commonly occurring SIPs were those induced by alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and multiple substances. There was a steady decrease in the incidence rate of alcohol-induced psychosis from the first to the last year of the observation period in Denmark (from 4.9 to 1.5) and Sweden (from 4.5 to 2.2). The incidence rate of cannabis-induced psychosis increased in all countries, from 2.6 to 5.6 in Denmark, from 0.8 to 2.7 in Sweden, and from 1.8 to 3.0 in Norway. Median age of any SIP decreased in Denmark (from 36 to 29 years) and Sweden (from 41 to 31 years). Incidence rates were higher in men and in individuals on disability pension, and increased more among those with high parental education.

We found similar and stable incidence rates of any SIP in all Scandinavian countries through the observation period. The incidence of alcohol-induced psychosis decreased. The incidence of cannabis-induced psychosis increased.

Chemical structure is a vital consideration early in the drug development process. Its role in analysis of safety and efficacy is relatively diminished after drugs are approved for clinical use. This interdisciplinary study explores a strategy by which readily available clinical data may be used along with structural features of drugs to identify associations with potential utility for both clinical decision-making and drug development.

Chemical functional groups and structural groups (SGs) of 261 drugs were manually classified in tiers, and their incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) and central nervous system (CNS) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were obtained from a clinical database. Drugs with an GI or CNS ADR incidence of at least 10% were analyzed for correlations with their functional and SGs.

Eight statistically significant associations were detected by preliminary analysis: piperazine and methylene groups were associated with higher rate of CNS ADRs; while amides, secondary alcohols, and di-substituted phenyl groups were associated with lower rates of GI or CNS ADRs or both.

Although further study is necessary to understand these associations and build upon this strategy, this exploratory analysis establishes a methodology by which chemical properties of drugs may be used to aid in clinical decision-making when choosing between otherwise equivalent drug therapy options, as the presence of specific groups on drugs may be associated with increased or decreased risks of specific ADRs.