If there is to be a singular conclusion to this book, it is that we live in increasingly uncertain times and thus, as editors, it behoves us to embrace uncertainty in all aspects of our work – or, at least, to learn to live with it. Embracing uncertainty in the professional context can be empowering: it enables us to be flexible and open to new ideas, to new ways of thinking and doing things, to be innovative. Learning to live with uncertainty can also help to build our personal resilience. If the concept of resilience appears to be an overused cliché, that is understandable because it is increasing in importance to life as we know it in the 21st century.

The consultation is likely to be the first experience the patient has of a psychodynamic way of thinking and it has the potential to be an experience of being deeply heard and understood. In the consultation period the aim is for the therapist to have an experience of the internal world of the patient and the patient an experience of what the therapy will be like. A consultation over a series of meetings may even give the opportunity of developing a patient’s capacity to undertake therapeutic work. It is a complex process that often starts before the patient even enters the room. There are different approaches to the consultation process and some of these are discussed. Given that the psychodynamic consultation is an encounter which will, in all likelihood, create anxiety and a sense of vulnerability in the patient, we can expect to see defences emerging in the moment-by-moment interaction and these are considered. A tripartite structure of psychodynamic formulation is outlined as a helpful framework for picking out the relational dynamic

Communication plays an important role in reparations. Through communication survivors learn about the opportunities and avenues available to them, and through communication courts are able to ascertain survivors’ views and preferences regarding reparations. Such communication is not straight-forward but involves a range of actors who facilitate and mediate communication. Often little appreciated, these actors’ communicative practices shape in significant ways how reparations are framed, perceived and acted upon. This chapter examines two specific forms of communication of relevance to reparations: outreach and consultations. It shows that communicative practices in outreach and consultations at the ICC and the ECCC became dominated by concerns over managing victims’ expectations, in effect trumping the original goal of two-way communication. These practices also determined critical parameters of court-ordered reparations long before judges even embarked on the adjudication of reparations requests.

The concept of social licence is increasingly being used to draw attention to the need for community support and acceptance of research, particularly of data-based research. Chapter three examines the nature of social licence and its application to research using linked data. Social licence is framed as an analytical tool to design and evaluate decision making for sharing and using linked data for research. The chapter examines the qualitative evidence of public perceptions and the conditions for community support and identifies the substantive and procedural conditions that lead to trust and legitmacy. The chapter concludes that these conditions should be embedded in the governance of research using linked data to develop and sustain community acceptance.

The concept of social licence is increasingly being used to draw attention to the need for community support and acceptance of research, particularly of data-based research. Chapter three examines the nature of social licence and its application to research using linked data. Social licence is framed as an analytical tool to design and evaluate decision making for sharing and using linked data for research. The chapter examines the qualitative evidence of public perceptions and the conditions for community support and identifies the substantive and procedural conditions that lead to trust and legitmacy. The chapter concludes that these conditions should be embedded in the governance of research using linked data to develop and sustain community acceptance.

Building on positive research findings in Europe, Canada, and Australia over the past 30 years, the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) funded two large trials of Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) for first episode psychosis approximately 10 years ago. These studies found that participation in CSC, which includes both pharmacological and manualized psychosocial treatments, resulted in greater treatment retention, improved quality of life and work/school rates and reduced psychopathology among participants (Dixon et al., 2015; Kane et al., 2016). The authors of this chapter were intervention co-developers and trainers in the NIMH funded Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) national randomized controlled trial comparing CSC to customary care in 34 non-academic “real-world” community mental health clinics. The psychosocial components of the RAISE CSC intervention, entitled NAVIGATE, are manualized and available at navigateconsultants.org. The authors have now provided intensive onsite training and consultation in NAVIGATE in over 20 US states, typically to a combination of state and local community mental health agencies. In this chapter, they will present an overview of NAVIGATE and the national training effort, and then highlight both success and challenges in working to improve evidence-based first episode psychosis mental health treatment in the USA on a national and local level.

It is shown that the form of an institution, its legal character, and membership do not determine procedural density.

The finding that the procedural density regarding an activity is zero is very prevalent in the sample. The reasons for this usually lie in low state interest, which is demonstrated via case studies of the European Advertising Standards Alliance and the Proliferation Security Initiative.

During coding, there were certain procedural steps which occurred more frequently than others but no distinct patterns of combinations of procedural steps. This leads me to assume that procedure as a design element is valued for its variety and flexibility.

Whether an activity is hard or soft law or somewhere in between greatly determines state interest in procedural justice. This is further explored via a case study of the Human Development Index.

Like the legal character, the exact characteristics of an administrative activity affect procedural density. This is illustrated using the different branches of the International Telecommunications Union and their procedure.

Of the different kinds of procedural steps, review is by far the least prevalent because it strongly affects state interests and often juxtaposes them with individual rights and interests. This is illustrated with comparative case studies of the Interpol Commission for the Control of Files and the ICANN Independent Review Procedure.

Procedural justice in the shape of procedural steps is a more flexible design tool than an institution's different organs. All things being equal, it is therefore preferred. This is demonstrated by the decentralized compliance monitoring mechanism used by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

The main findings from the empirical research are summarized.

Consultation and decision making form a central and critical part of non-medical prescribing practice. This chapter introduces the reader to key consultation and decision-making models which can be used to help practitioners guide their development in this area. The importance of communication and consideration of the patient’s health beliefs will be discussed. Some of the evidence related to consultation by different non-medical prescribing professions will be explored. Frameworks supporting good prescribing will be discussed as well as influences on prescribing.

This chapter identifies international trends in end-of-life law reform from analysing ten case studies of reform from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium. A key finding is that law reform is more likely to succeed when supported by ‘good process’. This includes effective consultation with key stakeholders and engaging with experts. Social science evidence is also increasingly influential in both legislative and judicial reform, particularly in relation to how assisted dying systems can operate safely in practice. Other factors contributing to reform are the support or advocacy of key individuals or groups, shifts in community sentiment, and changes in political composition of parliaments. The chapter also concludes that law reform is ultimately a political exercise. Compromise is often required for a law to pass. This has implications for designing effective end-of-life law, pointing to the need for critical evaluation of both proposed laws and how existing laws operate in practice. The chapter concludes with reflections about the future of end-of-life law.

In 1995, the Northern Territory, the smallest of Australia’s states and territories, was the first jurisdiction in the world to enact operative legislation allowing voluntary euthanasia (as it was then called). This legislation was short-lived, being overturned by the Commonwealth government approximately nine months after it commenced operation. Since that time, and despite over forty attempts in all Australian states but one, voluntary assisted dying remained unlawful in Australia. But this changed when Victoria passed its Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (Vic) in November 2017, which became operative in June 2019. This chapter explores the Victorian experience as a successful model for voluntary assisted dying law reform. The reform process, led by the government with the personal support of key politicians was thorough, methodical and considered, and was undertaken in a staged way with extensive consultation. This approach may prove to be a successful formula for legislative reform in a country where ongoing and high-level public support for change has been met by equivalent ongoing political resistance to reform.

The intersection between indigenous rights and international economic agreements is paradigmatic of the ways in which globalization accommodates issues of social and economic justice. This intersection provides insight into the fate of the marginalized communities in a system that privileges certain values and goals often incompatible with some indigenous values and goals. The prior chapters make evident that, to address social and economic justice, international economic agreements can start by addressing indigenous interests in a systemic and more encompassing way and lead the way to frameworks for better social and economic inclusion. This is the key litmus test for the very legitimacy of international economic law after crises derived from a nationalistic turn and exacerbated by a global pandemic. This chapter offers some basic recommendations.