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6 results

  • Vascular Contributions to Neurodegeneration: Protocol of the COMPASS-ND Study

  • Eric E. Smith, Simon Duchesne, Fuqiang Gao, Feryal Saad, Victor Whitehead, Cheryl R. McCreary, Richard Frayne, Serge Gauthier, Richard Camicioli, Michael Borrie, Sandra E. Black
  • Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 48 / Issue 6 / November 2021
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 January 2021, pp. 799-806
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  • Objective:

    To describe the neuroimaging and other methods for assessing vascular contributions to neurodegeneration in the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) study, a Canadian multi-center, prospective longitudinal cohort study, including reliability and feasibility in the first 200 participants.

    Methods:

    COMPASS-ND includes persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 150), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementias (LBDs) (200), mixed dementia (200), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 400), subcortical ischemic vascular MCI (V-MCI; 200), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI; 300), and cognitively intact elderly controls (660). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired according to the validated Canadian Dementia Imaging Protocol and visually reviewed by either of two experienced readers blinded to clinical characteristics. Other relevant assessments include history of vascular disease and risk factors, blood pressure, height and weight, cholesterol, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c.

    Results:

    Analyzable data were obtained in 197/200 of whom 18 of whom were clinically diagnosed with V-MCI or mixed dementia. The overall prevalence of infarcts was 24.9%, microbleeds was 24.6%, and high white matter hyperintensity (WMH) was 31.0%. MRI evidence of a potential vascular contribution to neurodegeneration was seen in 12.9%–40.0% of participants clinically diagnosed with another condition such as AD. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent.

    Conclusion:

    COMPASS-ND will be a useful platform to study vascular brain injury and its association with risk factors, biomarkers, and cognitive and functional decline across multiple age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Initial findings show that MRI-defined vascular brain injury is common in all cognitive syndromes and is under-recognized clinically.

  • Associations between untargeted plasma metabolomic signatures and gut microbiota composition in the Milieu Intérieur population of healthy adults

  • Valentin Partula, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Stanislas Mondot, Agnès Victor-Bala, Nadia Bouchemal, Lucie Lécuyer, Christine Bobin-Dubigeon, Marion J. Torres, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Bruno Charbit, Etienne Patin, Karen E. Assmann, Paule Latino-Martel, Chantal Julia, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Matthew L. Albert, Darragh Duffy, Olivier Lantz, Philippe Savarin, Mohamed Nawfal Triba, Mathilde Touvier, The Milieu Intérieur Consortium
  • Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 126 / Issue 7 / 14 October 2021
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 December 2020, pp. 982-992
  • Print publication: 14 October 2021
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  • Host–microbial co-metabolism products are being increasingly recognised to play important roles in physiological processes. However, studies undertaking a comprehensive approach to consider host–microbial metabolic relationships remain scarce. Metabolomic analysis yielding detailed information regarding metabolites found in a given biological compartment holds promise for such an approach. This work aimed to explore the associations between host plasma metabolomic signatures and gut microbiota composition in healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. For 846 subjects, gut microbiota composition was profiled through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stools. Metabolomic signatures were generated through proton NMR analysis of plasma. The associations between metabolomic variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using multi-adjusted partial Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVA and multivariate associations with linear models, respectively. A multiple testing correction was applied (Benjamini–Hochberg, 10 % false discovery rate). Microbial richness was negatively associated with lipid-related signals and positively associated with amino acids, choline, creatinine, glucose and citrate (−0·133 ≤ Spearman’s ρ ≤ 0·126). Specific associations between metabolomic signals and abundances of taxa were detected (twenty-five at the genus level and nineteen at the species level): notably, numerous associations were observed for creatinine (positively associated with eleven species and negatively associated with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). This large-scale population-based study highlights metabolites associated with gut microbial features and provides new insights into the understanding of complex host–gut microbiota metabolic relationships. In particular, our results support the implication of a ‘gut–kidney axis’. More studies providing a detailed exploration of these complex interactions and their implications for host health are needed.

  • The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia: Canadian Cohort Study

  • Howard Chertkow, Michael Borrie, Victor Whitehead, Sandra E. Black, Howard H. Feldman, Serge Gauthier, David B. Hogan, Mario Masellis, Katherine McGilton, Kenneth Rockwood, Mary C. Tierney, Melissa Andrew, Ging-Yuek R. Hsiung, Richard Camicioli, Eric E. Smith, Jennifer Fogarty, Joseph Lindsay, Sarah Best, Alan Evans, Samir Das, Zia Mohaddes, Randi Pilon, Judes Poirier, Natalie A. Phillips, Elizabeth MacNamara, Roger A. Dixon, Simon Duchesne, Ian MacKenzie, R. Jane Rylett
  • Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 July 2019, pp. 499-511
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  • Background:

    The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) cohort study of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) is a national initiative to catalyze research on dementia, set up to support the research agendas of CCNA teams. This cross-country longitudinal cohort of 2310 deeply phenotyped subjects with various forms of dementia and mild memory loss or concerns, along with cognitively intact elderly subjects, will test hypotheses generated by these teams.

    Methods:

    The COMPASS-ND protocol, initial grant proposal for funding, fifth semi-annual CCNA Progress Report submitted to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research December 2017, and other documents supplemented by modifications made and lessons learned after implementation were used by the authors to create the description of the study provided here.

    Results:

    The CCNA COMPASS-ND cohort includes participants from across Canada with various cognitive conditions associated with or at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. They will undergo a wide range of experimental, clinical, imaging, and genetic investigation to specifically address the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these conditions in the aging population. Data derived from clinical and cognitive assessments, biospecimens, brain imaging, genetics, and brain donations will be used to test hypotheses generated by CCNA research teams and other Canadian researchers. The study is the most comprehensive and ambitious Canadian study of dementia. Initial data posting occurred in 2018, with the full cohort to be accrued by 2020.

    Conclusion:

    Availability of data from the COMPASS-ND study will provide a major stimulus for dementia research in Canada in the coming years.

  • 1920: Bureaucracy on the Rise

  • Marina Frolova-Walker, University of Cambridge, Jonathan Walker
  • Book: Music and Soviet Power, 1917–1932
  • Published by: Boydell & Brewer
  • Published online: 05 April 2013
  • Print publication: 19 July 2012, pp 37-53

  • Summary

    Musical life here is organised by anyone and everyone. There are no less than four main institutions: MUZO (the Music Section of Narkompros), MONO (the Moscow Department of People's Education), Proletkult and the Academy Theatres. But to this we must add TEO (the Theatre Section of Narkompros), which is also in charge of music, and all the military institutions, all the clubs, and many others. […] A terrible hostility and competition can be noticed among them, and this is very much at odds with the goals of the Soviet power. We think that the overlaps could be forgiven, if it were not for the mutual hatred and the desire of each organisation to monopolise music for its own benefit.

    Thus wrote a weary Leonid Sabaneyev, commenting on an emerging pattern in the organisation of Soviet musical life – a pattern that was never eradicated even under Stalinist centralisation in the 1930s. The desire for more efficient organisation and more thorough control in fact led to a proliferation of institutions with overlapping remits and ill-defined relationships, all competing for the same tranche of government funds. In November of 1920, for example, a new organisation was created to ‘unify all work in political education and agitation’, namely Glavpolitprosvet, which served as a Political Education section within Narkompros.

  • Performances économiques et résultats des élections législatives en Belgique: une approche quantitative+

  • Serge Boute, Victor Ginsburgh
  • Journal: Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review / Volume 43 / Issue 4 / December 1977
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 August 2016, pp. 345-369
  • Print publication: December 1977

  • Les récents travaux de Frey et Schneider [8], Lindbeck [11], Nordhaus [15] et d’autres sur l’endogénéisation des instruments de politique économique et sur le political business cycle ont donné un intérêt nouveau aux études qui essaient de déterminer les relations entre l’économique et l’électoral.

    Nordhaus construit un modèle dynamique de politique économique dans lequel les décisions sont prises dans un cadre politique. Ce modèle envisage le choix à faire entre l’inflation et le chômage; Nordhaus démontre que, si l’objectif gouvernemental est de gagner les prochaines élections, des cycles économiques, d’origine politique, sont engendrés par le comportement des partis politiques au pouvoir; plus précisément, le modèle prédit que la politique économique engendrera un cycle conjoncturel (le political business cycle) avec chômage et déflation durant les premières années d’un nouveau gouvernement, suivi d’une poussée inflationniste et d’un faible taux de chômage, à l’approche des nouvelles élections.