Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

127 results

Page 1 of 7

  • Anorexia nervosa polygenic risk, beyond diagnoses: relationship with adolescent disordered eating and behaviors in an Australian female twin population

  • Madeleine Curtis, Lucia Colodro-Conde, Sarah E. Medland, Scott Gordon, Nicholas G. Martin, Tracey D. Wade, Sarah Cohen-Woods
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 54 / Issue 13 / October 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 October 2024, pp. 3646-3654
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Background

    It is well established that there is a substantial genetic component to eating disorders (EDs). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to quantify cumulative genetic risk for a trait at an individual level. Recent studies suggest PRSs for anorexia nervosa (AN) may also predict risk for other disordered eating behaviors, but no study has examined if PRS for AN can predict disordered eating as a global continuous measure. This study aimed to investigate whether PRS for AN predicted overall levels of disordered eating, or specific lifetime disordered eating behaviors, in an Australian adolescent female population.

    Methods

    PRSs were calculated based on summary statistics from the largest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium AN genome-wide association study to date. Analyses were performed using genome-wide complex trait analysis to test the associations between AN PRS and disordered eating global scores, avoidance of eating, objective bulimic episodes, self-induced vomiting, and driven exercise in a sample of Australian adolescent female twins recruited from the Australian Twin Registry (N = 383).

    Results

    After applying the false-discovery rate correction, the AN PRS was significantly associated with all disordered eating outcomes.

    Conclusions

    Findings suggest shared genetic etiology across disordered eating presentations and provide insight into the utility of AN PRS for predicting disordered eating behaviors in the general population. In the future, PRSs for EDs may have clinical utility in early disordered eating risk identification, prevention, and intervention.

  • 1 - Introduction to the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health

  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 1-8

  • Summary

    Stigma can maintain discrimination and oppression and reduce compassion and understanding. In the area of mental illness and psychological help seeking, stigma acts as a considerable barrier to recovery and adds additional burdens to be managed. This reality has led many different research groups to explore the workings of stigma and ways to intervene to help people who suffer from the stigma associated with mental health problems. We wanted to create a state-of-the-science source for the best research being done in this area and so we organized the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health. This chapter provides an overview to the Handbook and the excellent research that is reviewed in it. In their chapters, the authors of the Handbook answer four important questions: “What are the forms of mental health stigma?”; “What are impacts of mental health stigma?”; “How can we develop interventions to reduce mental health stigma across contexts?”; “How can we understand the specific ways that mental health stigma impacts different groups (e.g., racial minorities, veterans)?” We hope that asking these questions will stimulate and drive more innovative research in the future.

  • 23 - What Is Left to Be Done

  • from Part IV - Reducing Stigma to Promote Mental Health
  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 466-472

  • Summary

    Stigma is a powerful force that is not easily dismantled. The goal of the Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health is to assist with policy changes, interventions, and movement toward social justice by presenting the breadth and depth of the work on mental health stigma. The authors of the Handbook have provided a deep and more complete picture of what stigma is, how it might develop, and how it might be changed. The authors also have provided a clear picture that stigma cannot be understood in isolation, but rather intersectional and contextual approaches are best. Through the work reviewed by the authors of the Handbook, it is clear that research is still needed to expand on what situations and under what conditions stigmas could be minimized, reduced, buffered, or eliminated. Also, work needs to be done to create culturally affirming approaches to stigma reduction. We believe the work presented in the Handbook provides optimism about the changes that have been made and the progress in our knowledge and interventions. It also provides insights into developing unique perspectives on the field, challenging some of our well-worn ideas, and pushing the limits of our knowledge.

  • 17 - Stigma and Mental Health in the Abrahamic Religious Traditions

  • from Part III - Stigma and Mental Health in Specific Contexts
  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Iowa State University, Nathaniel G. Wade, Iowa State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
    Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022, pp 347-366

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the intersection of stigma and mental health in certain sects of Abrahamic religious traditions (including sects of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism). Research has shown people in many religious communities underutilize mental health services. Although there are numerous reasons for this underutilization, the stigma against mental health professionals and treatment in religious communities – religious mental health stigma – and the historical antagonism of psychologists against religious communities are two major reasons. This chapter reviews these factors and discusses how religious communities and mental health professionals can bridge the schism between their groups. We argue that by understanding the needs of religious communities, working within their worldviews, and engaging in respectful ways, psychological researchers and clinicians can build bridges that surmount stigma and other barriers and promote the best care for people in need.

The Cambridge Handbook of Stigma and Mental Health
  • Edited by David L. Vogel, Nathaniel G. Wade
  • Published online:
    28 July 2022
    Print publication:
    11 August 2022
  • The persistence of stigma of mental illness and seeking therapy perpetuates suffering and keeps people from getting the help they need and deserve. This volume, analysing the most up-to-date research on this process and ways to intervene, is designed to give those who are working to overcome stigma a strong, research-based foundation for their work. Chapters address stigma reduction efforts at the individual, community, and national levels, and discuss what works and what doesn't. Others explore how holding different stigmatized identities compounds the burden of stigma and suggest ways to attend to these differences. Throughout, there is a focus on the current state of the research knowledge in the field, its applications, and recommendations for future research. The Handbook provides a compelling case for the benefits reaped from current research and intervention, and shows why continued work is needed.

  • P.154 Characterizing and comparing brain injury associated with traditional self-retracting brain retractors with novel tubular retractors

  • A Naeem, G Dryden, R Hammond, M Speechley, K Wade, M Boulton
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 49 / Issue s1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2022, p. S47
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

  • Background: Tubular retractors are FDA approved and in the Neurosurgical marketplace, but adaptation has been hampered by lack of evidence showing superiority over traditional retractors when performing subcortical surgery. This study examines brain injury associated with traditional brain retractors versus tubular retractors. Methods: Nine porcine models underwent a simulated neurosurgical operation. Retractors were inserted for four hours after which the porcine model was euthanized. The en-bloc extracted porcine brain was fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin embedded, sectioned at 4 um and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) using standard laboratory protocols. Computer algorithms were generated to calculate areas of cerebral edema and hemorrhage adjacent to retractor surfaces. Results: Using a two-tailed t-test with a significance level of 0.05, traditional brain retractors were associated with statistically significantly greater cerebral edema when compared to tubular retractors (17.36 um2 vs. 12.42 um2; p = 0.0038). There was no statistically significant difference in mean areas of hemorrhage between traditional brain retractors and tubular retractors noted (3.43 um2 vs 3.60 um2; p = 0.8297). Conclusions: Tubular retractors are associated with significantly less edema in surrounding brain than traditional retractors. On histopathological merits, this study supports the application of tubular retractors over traditional retractors.

  • Plaskett’s Star: a fundamental revision of the architecture of the system

  • E. Stacey, G. A. Wade, J. H. Grunhut, C. P. Folsom, O. Kochukhov
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 18 / Issue S361 / May 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 August 2024, pp. 336-338
    Print publication:
    May 2022
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

  • A century of study has characterized Plaskett’s Star (HD 47129) as an evolved, massive, short-period, equal mass O+O binary system. The discovery of a magnetic field in the broad-line component by Grunhut et al. (2013) renewed interest in the study of this system and led to its establishment as the most rapidly rotating magnetic O-type star. Grunhut et al. (2021) observed the circular polarization signatures of the magnetic star to exhibit no radial velocity variations while the narrow-line star demonstrates radial velocity variations consistent with the established orbital period. This has raised fundamental questions about the architecture of this system and the nature of the magnetic star which have led to a major shift in our understanding of HD 47129.

  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and neuropsychological functioning after early childhood traumatic brain injury

  • Amery Treble-Barna, Shari L. Wade, Valentina Pilipenko, Lisa J. Martin, Keith Owen Yeates, H. Gerry Taylor, Brad G. Kurowski
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue 3 / March 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 April 2022, pp. 246-256
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • Objective:

    The present study examined the differential effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism on neuropsychological functioning in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to orthopedic injury (OI).

    Methods:

    Participants were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal study of children who sustained a TBI (n = 69) or OI (n = 72) between 3 and 7 years of age. Children completed a battery of neuropsychological measures targeting attention, memory, and executive functions at four timepoints spanning the immediate post-acute period to 18 months post-injury. Children also completed a comparable age-appropriate battery of measures approximately 7 years post-injury. Parents rated children’s dysexecutive behaviors at all timepoints.

    Results:

    Longitudinal mixed models revealed a significant allele status × injury group interaction with a medium effect size for verbal fluency. Cross-sectional models at 7 years post-injury revealed non-significant but medium effect sizes for the allele status x injury group interaction for fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory. Post hoc stratified analyses revealed a consistent pattern of poorer neuropsychological functioning in Met carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes in the TBI group, with small effect sizes; the opposite trend or no appreciable effect was observed in the OI group.

    Conclusions:

    The results suggest a differential effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on verbal fluency, and possibly fluid reasoning and immediate and delayed verbal memory, in children with early TBI relative to OI. The Met allele—associated with reduced activity-dependent secretion of BDNF—may confer risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning in children with TBI.

  • P.211 Characterizing and comparing brain injury associated with traditional self-retracting brain retractors with novel tubular retractors

  • A Naeem, G Dryden, R Hammond, M Speechley, K Wade, M Boulton
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 48 / Issue s3 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2022, pp. S80-S81
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

  • Background: Tubular retractors are FDA approved and in the Neurosurgical marketplace, but adaptation has been hampered by lack of evidence showing superiority over traditional retractors when performing subcortical surgery. This study examines brain injury associated with traditional brain retractors versus tubular retractors. Methods: Nine porcine models underwent a simulated neurosurgical operation. Retractors were inserted for four hours after which the porcine model was euthanized. The en-bloc extracted porcine brain was fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin embedded, sectioned at 4 um and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) using standard laboratory protocols. Computer algorithms were generated to calculate areas of cerebral edema and hemorrhage adjacent to retractor surfaces. Results: Using a two-tailed t-test with a significance level of 0.05, traditional brain retractors were associated with statistically significant greater areas of cerebral edema when compared to tubular retractors (17.36 um2 vs. 12.42 um2; p = 0.0038). There was no statistically significant difference in mean areas of hemorrhage between traditional brain retractors and tubular retractors (3.43 um2 vs 3.60 um2; p = 0.8297). Conclusions: Tubular retractors are associated with significantly less edema in surrounding brain than traditional retractors. On histopathological merits, this study supports the application of tubular retractors over traditional retractors.

Page 1 of 7