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  • Introduction
    • By
  • Edited by Tom Geue, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Elena Giusti, University of Warwick
  • Book: Unspoken Rome
  • Published online: 03 September 2021
  • Print publication: 16 September 2021, pp 1-16
  • View extract

    Summary

    An introduction to reading Latin literature through the prism of textual absence. It places the volume’s aims and objectives within the broader panorama of Latin literary studies, introduces the volume’s contributions and sketches some possible future avenues for the topic.

Unspoken Rome
  • Unspoken Rome
  • Absence in Latin Literature and its Reception
  • Edited by Tom Geue, Elena Giusti
  • Published online: 03 September 2021
  • Print publication: 16 September 2021
  • View description
    Latin literature is a hotbed of holes and erasures. Its sensitivity to politics leaves it ripe for repression of all sorts of names, places and historical events, while its dense allusivity appears to hide interpretative clues in a network of texts that only the reader's consciousness can make present. This volume showcases innovative approaches to the field of Latin literature, all of which are refracted through this prism of absence, which functions as a fundamental generative force both for the hermeneutics and the ongoing literary aftermath of these texts. Reviewing and working with various influential approaches to textual absence, the contributors to Unspoken Rome treat these texts as silent types, listening out for what they do not say, and how they do not speak, whilst also tracing the ill-defined borders within which scholars and modern authors are legitimized to fill in the silences around which they are built.
  • Influence of a 3-months low-calorie Mediterranean diet vs. Vegetarian diet on human gut microbiota and SCFA: the CARDIVEG Study
  • Giuditta Pagliai, Edda Russo, Elena Niccolai, Monica Dinu, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Alessandro Magrini, Gianluca Bartolucci, Simone Baldi, Marta Menicatti, Betti Giusti, Rossella Marcucci, Gian Maria Rossolini, Alessandro Casini, Francesco Sofi, Amedeo Amedei
  • Journal: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 June 2020, E177
    • Article
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    Introduction

    There is growing interest in understanding how diet can modulate the gut microbiota (GM), including its possible association with disease states. The aim of the present study is to compare in a group of subjects in primary prevention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) the effects of Mediterranean (MD) and Vegetarian (VD) dietary patterns on the GM composition and on the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production.

    Materials and Methods

    Twenty-three clinically healthy subjects (16 F; mean age: 58.6 ± 9.8 years) were randomly assigned to isocaloric MD or VD diets lasting 3-months each and then crossed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood and fecal samples were obtained from each participant at the beginning and at the end of each intervention phase. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA were performed to analyze the GM, while the SCFA were evaluated through the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system.

    Results

    Dietary interventions didn't produce significant diversity in the GM composition at higher ranks (family and above), neither between nor within MD and VD, but they did it at genus level. MD significantly changed the abundance of three genera (Enterohabdus, Lachnoclostridium and Parabacteroides), while VD significantly affected the abundance of four genera (Anaerostipes, Streptococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto and Odoribacter). Comparison of the mean variation of each SCFA between MD and VD showed an opposite and statistically significant trend for propionic acid (+ 10% vs -28%, respectively, p = 0.034). In addition, variations of SCFA resulted to be negatively correlated with changes of some inflammatory cytokines such as VEGF, MCP-1, IL-17, IP-10 and IL-12, only after MD. Finally, correlation analyses showed several associations between changes of genera, clinical and biochemical parameters, after both the dietary interventions.

    Discussion

    Our study indicates that a short-term dietary intervention with MD or VD does not induce major change in the GM, suggesting that a diet should last for longer periods to scratch the resilience of GM. In addition, the negative association between SCFA and a number of inflammatory cytokines reported only after MD, seems to support the anti-inflammatory properties of the MD. Furthermore, several associations between certain bacterial groups, clinical and biochemical parameters, let us hypothesized that the cardiovascular protection associated with the two diets could be due – at least in part – to a modulation of the GM.

  • TIRESIAS, OVID, GENDER AND TROUBLE: GENERIC CONVERSIONS FROM ARS INTO TRISTIA
  • Elena Giusti
  • Journal: Ramus / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / June 2018
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 November 2018, pp. 27-57
  • Print publication: June 2018
  • View extract

    The brief story of Tiresias’ punishment in the third book of Ovid's Metamorphoses (Met. 3.316–38) becomes a privileged site for mapping the different ways readers can reinterpret episodes of the poem in the light of the rest of Ovid's corpus. Tiresias, the first human uates of the poem, who is punished with blindness for voicing what he should have kept silent, can be included among those punished artists who double the poet in the Metamorphoses: while Tiresias is condemned for having voiced his knowledge of both sexes, Ovid is exiled for giving amatory advice to, and therefore knowing, both men and women. Thus the Tiresias episode reads as a pendant to that of Actaeon in the same book (the latter explicitly likened to Ovid's fate in Tristia 2.103–8), with the pair suggesting a veiled allegory of the carmen and error that caused Ovid's exile.

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