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10 results

  • Using machine learning to predict suicide in the 30 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital in Denmark

  • Tammy Jiang, Anthony J. Rosellini, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Brian Shiner, Amy E. Street, Timothy L. Lash, Henrik T. Sørensen, Jaimie L. Gradus
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 219 / Issue 2 / August 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 March 2021, pp. 440-447
    Print publication:
    August 2021
    • Article
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  • Background

    Suicide risk is high in the 30 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital, but knowledge of the profiles of high-risk patients remains limited.

    Aims

    To examine sex-specific risk profiles for suicide in the 30 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital, using machine learning and Danish registry data.

    Method

    We conducted a case–cohort study capturing all suicide cases occurring in the 30 days after psychiatric hospital discharge in Denmark from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2015 (n = 1205). The comparison subcohort was a 5% random sample of all persons born or residing in Denmark on 1 January 1995, and who had a first psychiatric hospital admission between 1995 and 2015 (n = 24 559). Predictors included diagnoses, surgeries, prescribed medications and demographic information. The outcome was suicide death recorded in the Danish Cause of Death Registry.

    Results

    For men, prescriptions for anxiolytics and drugs used in addictive disorders interacted with other characteristics in the risk profiles (e.g. alcohol-related disorders, hypnotics and sedatives) that led to higher risk of postdischarge suicide. In women, there was interaction between recurrent major depression and other characteristics (e.g. poisoning, low income) that led to increased risk of suicide. Random forests identified important suicide predictors: alcohol-related disorders and nicotine dependence in men and poisoning in women.

    Conclusions

    Our findings suggest that accurate prediction of suicide during the high-risk period immediately after psychiatric hospital discharge may require a complex evaluation of multiple factors for men and women.

  • Vehicle Writings in an Iranian Context: The Interplay of Habitus and Field

  • Mostafa Hasrati, Brian Street, Saba Habibi
  • Journal:
    Iranian Studies / Volume 49 / Issue 1 / January 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2022, pp. 1-27
    Print publication:
    January 2016

  • The main objective of this paper is to problematize writings on vehicles in an Iranian context. Previous studies have indicated that vehicle stickers can be employed to express emotions and social status, political views, ideology and identity, and religious beliefs. However, very little has been done on this discursive practice in Iran. This study is the result of the content analysis of 122 vehicle writings collected from April 2011 to March 2012. This paper will draw on six of the most frequent themes: religion, humor, playing pessimism, didactic expressions, ethnic-geographic identification, and love. Employing Bourdieu's conceptual frameworks of “habitus,” “field,” and “doxa,” and Heath and Street's social practice perspective on literacy, it will be argued that vehicle writings in this study can be regarded as situated literacy practices reflecting the dominant undisputed discourses in the context, but at the same time displaying the dynamic interplay of power relations, the relationship of cultural structures and individual customized versions of those structures in vehicle writings.

  • Foreword by Brian V. Street

  • James Collins, State University of New York, Albany, Richard Blot, Lehman College, City University of New York
  • Book:
    Literacy and Literacies
    Published online:
    22 September 2009
    Print publication:
    08 May 2003, pp xi-xvi

  • Summary

    The title of this path-breaking book is a good clue to its intentions. The first term signals a focus on the importance of literacy in contemporary society: “a key word in our culture [that] has a status in the current era rather like that of ‘science’ in the nineteenth” (p. 3). The plural “literacies” signals the authors' attention to a key shift in academic approaches to the field, a shift of focus from a single thing called literacy, seen as a set of “autonomous” skills with far-reaching almost determinist consequences, to a recognition that there are multiple literacies; unravelling what practices might be validly and helpfully termed literacies, what should be included, where the boundaries should be drawn, and what it means to develop a theory of multiple literacies is a major focus of the book. The shift to plural approaches in the 1980s came to be called the “New Literacy Studies” (NLS) (Gee, 1991; Street, 1993; Collins, 1995) and since its path-breaking challenge to the dominance of the autonomous model, scholars in this field have provided a rich array of carefully documented accounts of how literacy practices vary from one cultural and historical context to another. Introducing the concepts of literacy events (Heath, 1983) and literacy practices (Street, 1984; 2000; Barton and Hamilton, 1998), NLS provided a lens, a methodology, and a literature based on them that enabled us to “see” behind the surface appearance of reading and writing to the underlying social and cultural meanings.