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397 results

Page 1 of 20

  • Effects of surface tension reduction on wind-wave growth and air–water scalar transfer
  • Keigo Matsuda, Satoru Komori, Naohisa Takagaki, Ryo Onishi
  • Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 960 / 10 April 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 April 2023, A22
    • Article
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  • View abstract

    Effects of surface tension reduction on wind-wave growth are investigated using direct numerical simulations of air–water two-phase turbulent flows. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for air and water sides are solved using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method with boundary-fitted moving grids. The wave growth of finite-amplitude and non-breaking gravity–capillary waves, whose wavelength is less than 0.07 m, is simulated for two cases of different surface tensions under a low-wind-speed condition of several metres per second. The results show that significant wave height for the smaller surface tension case increases faster than that for the larger surface tension case. Energy fluxes for gravity and capillary wave scales reveal that when the surface tension is reduced, the energy transfer from the significant gravity waves to capillary waves decreases, and the significant waves accumulate more energy supplied by wind. This results in faster wave growth for the smaller surface tension case. The effect on the scalar transfer across the air–water interface is also investigated. The results show that the scalar transfer coefficient on the water side decreases due to the surface tension reduction. The decrease is caused by suppression of turbulence in the water side. In order to support the conjecture, the surface tension effect is compared with laboratory experiments in a small wind-wave tank.

  • Evidence-Based Policy Making during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
  • Shinpei Matsuda, Hitoshi Yoshimura
  • Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 38 / Issue 2 / April 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 March 2023, pp. 247-251
  • Print publication: April 2023
  • View abstract
    Introduction:

    The aim of this systematic review was to collect evidence and recommendations for the applicability of the concept of evidence-based policy making (EBPM) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to discuss the implementation of this concept from a medical science perspective.

    Methods:

    This study was performed according to the guidelines, checklist, and flow diagram of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. An electronic literature search was conducted on September 20, 2022 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases with the following search terms: “evidence based policy making” and “infectious disease.” Study eligibility assessment was performed based on the flow diagram of PRISMA 2020, and risk of bias assessment was performed using The Critical Appraisal Skills Program.

    Results:

    Eleven eligible articles were included in this review and divided into three groups as follows: early, middle, and late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Basics of COVID-19 control were suggested in the early stage. The articles published in the middle stage discussed the importance of the collection and analysis of evidence of COVID-19 from around the world for the establishment of EBPM in the COVID-19 pandemic. The articles published in the late stage discussed the collection of large amounts of high-quality data and the development of methods to analyze them, as well as emerging issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Conclusions:

    This study revealed that the concept of EBPM applicable to emerging infectious disease pandemics changed between the early, middle, and late stages of the pandemic. The concept of EBPM will play an important role in medicine in the future.

  • Preface to Volume I
  • Edited by Ryan Tucker Jones, University of Oregon, Matt K. Matsuda, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Pacific Ocean
  • Published online: 11 November 2022
  • Print publication: 05 January 2023, pp 15-20
  • View extract

    Summary

    A volume that engages ‘The Pacific Ocean to 1800’, of course, is a claim in search of definition. What exactly is the point of 1800 as a distinctive marker, and what particularly establishes the other end – the originary point of the discussion? In this instance, those questions are addressed not by marshalling the studies to match a categorical statement about what properly fits within a ‘to 1800’ rubric, but by drawing on the boundaries and frequent overlayering of the essays themselves.

The Cambridge History of the Pacific Ocean
  • The Cambridge History of the Pacific Ocean
  • Volume 1, The Pacific Ocean to 1800
  • Edited by Ryan Tucker Jones, Matt K. Matsuda
  • Published online: 11 November 2022
  • Print publication: 05 January 2023
  • View description
    Volume I of The Cambridge History of the Pacific Ocean provides a wide-ranging survey of Pacific history to 1800. It focuses on varied concepts of the Pacific environment and its impact on human history, as well as tracing the early exploration and colonization of the Pacific, the evolution of Indigenous maritime cultures after colonization, and the disruptive arrival of Europeans.Bringing together a diversity of subjects and viewpoints, this volume introduces a broad variety of topics, engaging fully with emerging environmental and political conflicts over Pacific Ocean spaces. These essays emphasize the impact of the deep history of interactions on and across the Pacific to the present day.
  • 2 - The Flood: Political Economy and Disaster
  • from Part I - Critical Perspectives on the Evolution of Disaster Law and Policy
  • Edited by Susan S. Kuo, John Travis Marshall, Ryan Rowberry
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Disaster Law and Policy
  • Published online: 27 October 2022
  • Print publication: 29 September 2022, pp 48-56
  • View extract

    Summary

    The consequence of our free market is the failure to provide for the collective good, leaving the poor, the hungry, unhoused, and the untreated ill in the grasp of a metaphorical flood. Some manage to keep their heads above water, some drown in the flood. This chapter discusses how urban disaster plans, like the one in place before Hurricane Katrina, and the American pattern of healing: outrage, faith, hope, charity, and return to business as usual, reinforces existing distributions of wealth, power, and safety. When natural disaster comes, this second flood slams into structural inequality. Those who suffer are disproportionately those already disadvantaged by race, class, disability, or immigration status. The chapter asks the reader to organize a tide of citizen justice-seekers who will become the new flood, transforming the invisible and under-cared-for majority into a force of change. The chapter concludes that calamitous responses to disaster are less stupid mistakes than choices to let some die while others shelter safely.

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