We investigate the effect of dopant species and structure on the thermal conductivity of Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) and Ta-doped SnO2 (TTO) films and compare the results with those of In2O3-, ZnO-, and TiO2-based transparent conductive films. The thermal conductivities (λ) of polycrystalline ATO and TTO films are 4.4–4.9 and 4.7 W m−1 K−1, respectively. The thermal conductivities via phonons (λph) are almost identical for both dopant species (Sb and Ta): 4.3 and 4.5 W m−1 K−1 for Sb and Ta, respectively, on average. These results for λph are larger than that for Sn-doped In2O3 films (3.8 W m−1 K−1) and considerably larger than that for amorphous ATO films (1.0 W m−1 K−1). These facts lead us to conclude that the base-material species (SnO2 or In2O3) and structure (polycrystalline or amorphous) affect the thermophysical properties of ATO and TTO much more than the dopant species.