Gelatin–chitosan–based scaffolds using different bioactive nano-ceramic phase such as hydroxyapatite (HAp), beta tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and 58 s bioactive glass (58 s BG) were fabricated at a fixed 30 wt% of bioceramic phase content. From FTIR spectrum of the composite scaffold, a red shift in amide I and amide II bonds from 1595 to 1545 cm−1 and a new absorption peak due to electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ and COO− were observed. Average pore size in all the composite scaffolds was in the range between 100 and 300 μm, significantly smaller than the average pore size of pure gelatin–chitosan scaffold. Gelatin–chitosan-58 s BG (GCB30) scaffold exhibited the highest amount of protein absorption of 23 mg/cm2 among all the prepared scaffolds after 36 h of incubation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Mesenchymal stem cell’s (MSC’s) proliferation onto GCB30 scaffold was significantly higher as compared to other prepared scaffolds up to 7 days of cell culture. Expression of both early marker (RUNX2) and late marker (Osteocalcin) of differentiation was higher in MSCs cultured onto GCB30 scaffold as compared to other prepared scaffolds.