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73807 results in Boydell & Brewer

Page 1169 of 3691

  • Epílogo

  • Leticia Villamediana González
  • Book:
    Anglomanía
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    02 March 2024
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 193-196

  • Summary

    Tal y como apuntábamos en los capítulos introductorios, la influencia inglesa en diversos ámbitos y espacios del siglo XVIII ha sido objeto de estudio de cada vez más numerosos trabajos, llegando a reconocerse la existencia de una incipiente anglomanía en la España del setecientos, país en el que, tal y como apuntaba Sánchez-Blanco, se vivía a la moda francesa, pero se pensaba a la inglesa, puesto que el punto de referencia en lo relativo al pensamiento era Inglaterra. No obstante, ningún trabajo hasta ahora se había dedicado a explorar con amplitud y profundidad este fenómeno, particularmente a través de la prensa periódica de la época. Pero este libro no solo corrobora y documenta dicha existencia, sino que analiza su recepción y repercusión, es decir, el trasvase cultural —más allá de la noción rígida y pasiva de influencia— de la sociedad inglesa a la española.

    Dadas las limitaciones de espacio de trabajos de esta índole, la investigación se ha centrado en torno a nueve periódicos, agrupados, a su vez, en tres tipos de prensa bien diferenciados, con los que hemos ido diseccionando el conocimiento que de la cultura y de la sociedad británica se refleja en dichas obras, intentando, de esta manera, proseguir y complementar una de las líneas de investigación más fructíferas del dieciochismo español, la de las relaciones culturales con Inglaterra. Supone tan solo un primer paso hacia el estudio de la anglomanía en la prensa española y en el dieciochismo español, pudiéndose complementar con el análisis de otros tantos periódicos de la época, así como con estudios más profundos y específicos sobre otras obras y traducciones, lo que esperamos sirva para renovar el interés y el camino a futuras investigaciones sobre el tema.

    En cualquier caso, creemos que nuestra tesis de partida queda sólidamente validada: España padeció —apropiándonos de la metáfora de la época— de anglomanía, fenómeno que responde claramente a un caso de trasvase cultural, el cual implicó un movimiento de ideas y conceptos entre dos espacios culturales característicamente diversos. Como consecuencia, este interés y curiosidad por lo inglés no fue una simple moda o imitación superficial de sus costumbres, sino que tuvo lugar mediante un claro proceso de transformación y adaptación según la propia coyuntura nacional y en consonancia con el programa de reformas borbónico.

  • 11 - Nationalist Crisis: Women's Literature and Neoliberalism

  • from III - After the Nation: Hybrid Postnational Literatures (1992-2000)
  • Joseba Gabilondo
  • Book:
    Introduction to a Postnational History of Contemporary Basque Literature (1978–2000)
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    06 September 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 269-296

  • Summary

    Introduction: the event of ‘women taking over Basque literature’

    In the 1970s or earlier, any work written in Basque with a modicum of quality would have been welcomed with great joy by any reviewer in traditional Basque journals such as Jakin, Argia, or other more obscure publications – obscure because of Franco. There was not much written in Basque at the time and perhaps, because the connection between Basque language and nation was automatic, welcoming enthusiastic reviews did not arouse anyone's suspicion. However, if I was to review Lourdes Oñederra's novel Eta sugeak emakumeari esan zion (And the Serpent Said to the Woman, 2000) and present it with the same level of unmediated alacrity and support, not because the novel is written in Basque (pro patria) but because it is written by a woman – because it has managed to put down in letters masterfully the inner chronicle of an individual – then two thirds of the readers (among them many women) would react against my review with accusations of multicultural favoritism. They would argue that my approach amounts to ghettoizing women, that I would not be able to define what women's literature is, that I am just sowing discord… Reactions such as these and others, fully charged unconsciously, would travel faster than the speed of light. Granted, because the enthusiastic reviews of old times were written on behalf of the nation, they were seldom questioned, except, that is, by the ‘pro–Spanish’ or españolistas. Yet this time, perhaps because women do not have their own ‘motherland’ (except for Amazonia and California, as the latter was also populated by black Amazons according to Renaissance writer Garci Rodriguez de Montalvo), it is quite clear that gender identity does not elicit the same unity of purpose that nationalism does.

    One should recall how those who questioned the blind welcome to any Basque work back in the 1960s and 1970s, just because it was written in Basque, were called españolistas pejoratively. Then, should one not use the word ‘masculinist’ (machista) to describe those who might have denounced this imaginary review of mine because it was partial to or conditioned by gender? – and I insist, some women would also join in the denunciation. The Basque map of social and cultural identities is increasingly complicated: Basques, women, gays, immigrants…

  • 8 - Urban Improvement, Bristol Fashion

  • Peter Malpass
  • Book:
    The Making of Victorian Bristol
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    31 August 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 201-230

  • Summary

    Responses to the manifest social and environmental problems in the towns and cities of Victorian Britain took different forms, in different places and at different times. But in general, ‘The second half of the [nineteenth] century was devoted to containing or reversing the environmental consequences of uncontrolled development since the pragmatic decisions by individuals and institutions alike had produced unfavourable consequences for others.’ In broad terms it can be said that, over time, attention shifted from the narrow public health considerations discussed in Chapter 2, focused on water and sanitation, to a wider view, embracing the moral and social wellbeing of the community, leading to calls for the provision of libraries, galleries, swimming baths and public parks. One influential strand of thinking placed considerable emphasis on a kind of civilising mission to the demoralised poor of the cities, led by activists such as Octavia Hill (the granddaughter of Thomas Southwood Smith, one of the leading public health reformers of the 1830s) and Canon Samuel Barnett (who was born in Bristol but made his name in social work in the East End of London). This was essentially a top-down project in which moral entrepreneurs like Hill sought to inculcate middle-class values and behavioural patterns among the ‘deserving poor’, a group she defined as those who were willing to make an effort to improve themselves. The emphasis was on behavioural modification through personal outreach by middle-class individuals, and in Hill's case she was strongly opposed to the creation of formal organisations to carry out the work. This approach may be contrasted with what became known as the ‘civic gospel’, or municipal socialism, which placed the emphasis on the local council as the leading agency of urban improvement. The chief exponent of this idea was Joseph Chamberlain, who, as mayor of Birmingham in the 1870s, ‘reached the conclusion that the only way a city could effectively shape the destinies of its citizens was through the actions of its municipal authority. The moral purpose of the city lay in its council.’

    These two approaches shared a rhetorical interest in helping the less well off through the provision of cultural and recreational facilities, including public open spaces (Octavia Hill, despite her opposition to formal organisations, was one of the founders of the National Trust).

  • Introduction

  • Jenna M. Schultz
  • Book:
    National Identity and the Anglo-Scottish Borderlands, 1552–1652
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    06 September 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 1-20

  • Summary

    On 24 March 1603, Robert Carey, warden of the English Middle March, rode to Scotland to inform James VI that he was now the king of England. Elizabeth I had died without issue, leaving her cousin to succeed her. Though initially a dynastic and monarchical union, the newly crowned King James VI/I hoped to create a single kingdom that was united by more than just his person, and this would involve fundamental changes to the ecclesiastical, legal, economic and other institutions of both England and Scotland. As part of this plan, he sought to eliminate the Anglo-Scottish borderline that had divided the kingdoms for centuries. The Borders had been the centre of many conflicts between rival monarchs, most recently at the 1545 Battle of Ancrum Moor near Jedburgh, Scotland during the Rough Wooing. Such battles were part of the living historical memory within the borderlands as well as throughout both kingdoms. In his 1604 speech to the English parliament, the king emphasized his quest to eliminate this animosity, asking, ‘Yea, hath God not made us all in one Island, compassed with one Sea, and of it selfe by nature so indivisible, as almost those that were borderers themselves on the late Borders, cannot distinguish, nor know, or discerne their owne limits?’ King James sought to usher in a new era of peaceful relations by instituting measures to bridge the Anglo-Scottish divide and serve as a possible means to create stronger unity. Yet accomplishing such measures was not easily achieved.

    National Identity and the Anglo-Scottish Borderlands, 1552–1652 contends that the legislative programmes, changes to the local administration, cross-border relations and numerous regional commissions highlight the challenges facing King James VI/I as he attempted to transform the borderlands into the ‘Middle Shires’ of a united Great Britain. Part of this process included the elimination of the borderline. Yet there was no rapid transformation; the two kingdoms remained relatively independent of one another well into the seventeenth century. This was due in part to the strength of already-existing national identities that were reinforced by the continuation of the Anglo-Scottish border as a line of division. Regardless of its actual political existence, the border persisted in the hearts and minds of the king's subjects and continued to serve as a reminder of the centuries of separation between the two kingdoms.

  • Epilogue: An Inconclusive Aftermath

  • Ruth A. Canning
  • Book:
    The Old English in Early Modern Ireland
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    07 September 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 193-200

  • Summary

    The war ended on 30 March 1603. Hugh O'Neill submitted to Lord Deputy Mountjoy at Mellifont Abbey only to discover that Queen Elizabeth had died six days earlier. Five days after his submission came news that James VI of Scotland was to be proclaimed King James I of England and Ireland. According to Fynes Moryson, the publication of this proclamation was met with ‘joyfull acclamations… through the chiefe streets of Dublyn’. Reaction in other urban centres was considerably less enthusiastic and certainly less obedient.

    One might have expected a collective sigh of relief from the Palesmen and their colleagues in other parts of the country. The constant threat of violence had eased, the need to support large numbers of unruly soldiers had diminished and, although the debased coin was still circulating, there must have been hope that regular trading would soon resume. What is more, like the defeated Confederates, many loyalist Old English Catholics erroneously assumed that the new King James had Catholic sympathies and that it would be safe to publicly practise Catholicism again. But no one was actually this optimistic. Even before the war had concluded Mountjoy anticipated serious problems. He opined: ‘The Nobility, Townes, and English-Irish, are for the most part as weary of the warre as any, but unwilling to have it ended, generally, for feare that uppon a peace, will ensue a severe reformation of Religion.’ He also fretted that ‘generally over all the Kingdome, [is] the feare of a persecution for Religion, the debasing of the Coyne… and a dearth and famine, which is already begunne, and must of necessity grow shortly to extremity; the least of which alone, have been many times sufficient motives to drive the best and most quiet estates into sudden confusion’. Mountjoy was correct: many Old English townsmen were frustrated by their hardships; they were anxious about their futures; and, having long done their bit for the crown, were now prepared to stand upon their rights.

    The interregnum between the death of Elizabeth and the confirmation of James I brought with it a great deal of uncertainty because Elizabethan officials were left without a mandate until the new king confirmed or replaced them. Taking advantage of this power vacuum, between 11 April and 10 May 1603, fourteen towns in Leinster and Munster went into ‘revolt’.

  • 2 - Peasant Land Tenure: A Critical Review

    • By Svein Ege, Associate Professor in African Studies at the Department of Social Anthropology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  • Edited by Svein Ege
  • Book:
    Land Tenure Security
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    26 March 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 19-40

  • Summary

    Much has been written about land tenure in Ethiopia, but there is a scarcity of in-depth research after the land reform of 1975. Land tenure is of vital importance for the peasantry, and this book was born out of dissatisfaction with the current state of knowledge. I have been doing fieldwork in various locations in the Amhara highlands since 1989, and gradually there was a feeling of dissonance, that the standard interpretation in the literature, which has been routinely applied to the Amhara area, could not account for what I heard and saw in the field. In this chapter, therefore, I seek to critically investigate some main tendencies in the literature, and then provide some elements for an alternative understanding, which are further explored in the later chapters.

    It should be pointed out that this is a review with a specific purpose, and not a comprehensive review aiming to cover all the literature on land tenure. It is also explicitly critical, seeking to bring out issues where we disagree, to pave the road for our own understandings. Despite this critical purpose, we obviously stand on the shoulders of earlier researchers, not least those whom we criticize on specific issues. Finally, in this book in general and in this chapter in particular, we often refer to our own works, perhaps more frequently than what might appear appropriate, for the simple reason that over the years we often tried to research issues which we hoped could settle our feelings of dissonance, one way or the other. They are therefore particularly relevant for the critical issues discussed here.

    THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE

    There is every reason to search for better understanding of peasant land tenure, but this is a surprisingly challenging research topic. Land is a concrete element and may thus seem simple to understand, until one becomes interested in land rights – which are a never-ending story of current rights, latent rights, potential future rights, or should-havebeen rights. Much has been written about land tenure in Ethiopia after the 1975 land reform and we may therefore get the impression that it is a well-studied topic. However, a critical reading of the literature shows large knowledge gaps, and even worse, that a number of oft-repeated statements have a weak foundation in evidence, in the sense that they are not backed up by convincing data.

  • Introduction

    • By Katherine Butler, senior lecturer at Northumbria University., Samantha Bassler, cultural musicologist of early music, and teaches music history and music theory as an adjunct professor at New York University
  • Edited by Katherine Butler, Samantha Bassler
  • Book:
    Music, Myth and Story in Medieval and Early Modern Culture
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    24 October 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 1-14

  • Summary

    THE primary modern association of myth is with falsehood. A myth is a story or belief that is untrue, or is used in phrases such as the ‘man behind the myth’, referring to an exaggerated or idealised persona that blurs the reality. These associations of myth, however, arose in the nineteenth century. Indeed, in the medieval and early modern periods, the word ‘myth’ was not yet in use; however, ‘mythology’ was defined in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English dictionaries as ‘the declaration or exposition of fables’, while mythologising was ‘an expounding or moralising upon a tale’. The expectation was not that such myths were false, but rather that they held deep meanings that needed to be teased out and interpreted.

    In this collection, the phrase ‘myth and story’ is intended to encapsulate the vast array of stories that were told about music: from the biblical episodes that were regarded as infallible truth, through the myths about the gods and heroes of the ancient world that were believed to communicate the wisdom of the ancient times, through legendary tales of historical personages, to newly created, literary stories. The roles these stories played in medieval and Renaissance music culture differed. Biblical and mythical tales were seen as encapsulating ancient or divine wisdom and were mined for episodes that could be interpreted in support of particular positions in musical arguments. By contrast, newly created stories held no authority, but were nevertheless a site for exploring contemporary conceptions and anxieties surrounding music and musical practices. While the relative authority granted to scriptural, mythical, historical and literary stories differed, all of these story-types played a role in constructing the period's musical culture. How authors interpreted and wove together these traditional stories or created their own reveals much about changing attitudes across the period.

    MUSIC-THEMED MYTHS

    The figure who dominates our understanding of the role of myth in the musical culture of this period is Orpheus. His relationship with opera, poetry and the powers of music has been the subject of numerous books tracing his influence from the Middle Ages and Renaissance to modern times. To a lesser extent, the psalmist King David has dominated the biblical stories of music, while for stories relating to female musicians either the dangerous Sirens or the Christian musical patron Saint Cecilia have been the dominant focus.

  • 9 - Conclusion

    • By Harald Aspen, Associate Professor in Social Anthropology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  • Edited by Svein Ege
  • Book:
    Land Tenure Security
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    26 March 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 153-158

  • Summary

    Ethiopia is still mainly a rural society. It is also one of the world's poorest countries, despite rapid development in recent years. There is good reason to believe that these two elements are linked, as indicated by repeated famines that have hit the rural, food-producing areas. Serious efforts to change this situation started in the late imperial period and became key policy aspects under the Därg and later the EPRDF. There is widespread agreement that the measures in the imperial period were too little, too late, while those under the Därg were often tragically misguided. Those of the EPRDF, still evolving, are up for discussion.

    Most Ethiopian farmers are smallholders. For centuries, the rights and obligations of peasants in the land they farm have shaped Ethiopian society. Much changed with the land reform of 1975, but for the peasants concerned, these rights are as important as ever. These rights are, in our view, so much more than what can be covered by the term ‘usufruct rights’, and even if we were to accept the term as a fair description, one would still have to specify how, and under what conditions, peasants practice these usufruct rights. In order to develop its economy, Ethiopia will certainly require large investments. By contrast, good land tenure policy is not expensive, but bad policy can be very destructive, as amply illustrated by some of the programmes under the Därg. Policies are most likely to succeed if they emanate from a good understanding of the concerns and the practices of those to be reformed. It is therefore a problem that the land tenure practices of Ethiopian peasants have not been much studied.

    In this book, we seek to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge in two ways: firstly by the specific descriptions and arguments we provide, and secondly by asking for more research, not the least to assess and challenge our own arguments. We hope that even those who disagree with our specific arguments may agree to the need, even urgency, for improved knowledge of peasant land tenure. We focused on the Amhara region, which is probably the region best covered in the research literature. We demonstrate that even here, there has been virtually no research on peasant land tenure practices.

  • Appendix 2 - Different Versions of the Descriptio Lateranensis Ecclesiae

  • Eivor Andersen Oftestad
  • Book:
    The Lateran Church in Rome and the Ark of the Covenant: Housing the Holy Relics of Jerusalem
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    31 August 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 204-215

  • Summary

    Vogel's Grouping of Manuscripts

    Cyrille Vogel provided a schematic overview of the transmission of the Descriptio in his 1956 article ‘La Descriptio Ecclesiae Lateranensis du Diacre Jean’. The main objective of Vogel's article is to locate the ‘original’ redaction of the Descriptio. Despite his limiting (and anachronistic) approach, this article constitutes the basis for most modern research on the text. Vogel's characterizations and descriptions of the manuscripts are thus kept to a minimum: the century of production, and indication of the folios that contain the Descriptio. In his article Vogel is not interested in the manuscripts as such, but only in the parts containing the Descriptio. His approach reaches its goal in the construction of the stemma of the text and in the preparations for a critical edition. He intended to edit the text of the Descriptio with full descriptions of the manuscripts used, as well as a more detailed stemma, but did not complete this endeavour before his death. From my perspective on the Descriptio, his main contribution is the precise overview of the different sections of the text, which provides a succinct tracing of the supposed redactions. The article provides an amount of detailed information and his conclusion is schematically summarized (see also Table 2):

  • 1. First redaction: R (Reg. lat. 712), P1 (BNF lat. 2287), P2 (BNF lat. 5129), P3 (BNF lat. 15669), B1 (Brussels BR 9731), B2 (Brussels BR 9828), W (Vienna ÖNB 1433).

  • 2. First redaction revised: L1 (ACL A 70). Revised before 1118.

  • 3. Second redaction: L2 (ACL A 70). Between 1154 and 1159.

  • 4. Third redaction: L3 (ACL A 70) and V (Rome BV B51). Between 1151 and 1181, and with interpolations until the fourteenth century.

  • 5. Fourth redaction: L4 (ACL A33) and Sess (Rome BNVE 2044). Before 1311.

    • Alternative Grouping of Manuscripts

    An alternative grouping of manuscripts, presented in Chapter 2, takes provenance into account. This approach reveals four distinct groups of manuscript traditions, here named I–IV. At least five of the manuscripts can be linked to the abbey of St Amand, while the others originated in nearby monasteries.

  • 1. The tradition of the Lateran archive: ACL A 70 contains three different versions of the text: a revision of the text similar to group C, before 1118 (L1); a second version, dated 1154–1159 (L2); and a third version, dated 1159–1181 (with additions until the fourteenth century) (L3).

  • Epilogue: Basque Literatures 2001-17

  • Joseba Gabilondo
  • Book:
    Introduction to a Postnational History of Contemporary Basque Literature (1978–2000)
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    06 September 2019
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 297-302

  • Summary

    Although the history of recent Basque literature remains open, one can summarize its trajectory since the year 2001 as moving away from the position of ‘minor literature’, as articulated and consolidated by Atxaga's Obabakoak in the 1990s. Although small, contemporary Basque literature is situated in globalization, and it is no longer minor nor imagines itself as a national minority or exotic Other. Basque literature is shifting direction towards its consumer–readers so that the latter's desire is represented not as an attempt to imagine a national community, but rather as a means to locate their selves within Basque and global reality – that is, as a means of belonging to a postnational community among others. Yet, after its hybrid and heterogeneous explosion in the 1990s, Basque literature has begun to face the new challenges of the market–oriented model of culture imposed by neoliberalism and global capitalism in the 2000s. As a result, contemporary Basque literature's new trails are centered on the ways to confront the global market and its neoliberal ideology, while rescuing the desire of its heterogeneous readers as the new postnational axis of writing and reading.

    The political and institutional developments brought about by global capitalism to the Basque Country have a complex history that must first be framed in the context of the Spanish and French states, in order to understand the ensuing changes in Basque literature. Globalization fostered more authoritarian and neoliberal governments in Spain and France – even the socialist governments that ruled for a few years in the new millennium upheld a neoliberal agenda (Spain 2004–11, France 2012–17). In Spain, the conservative governments of the Popular Party (1996–2004, 2004–17) moved to outlaw the independentist Basque party Popular Union (Herri Batasuna) and to close the only Basque–language newspaper in existence, The Daily (Egunkaria), in 2003. One of the most famous judges of the time, Baltasar Garzón, made a slogan famous, ‘Everything is ETA’, by which he meant that all things Basque were suspect of terrorism – and thus were potentially liable to criminal prosecution. The conservative Spanish governments of the PP made this slogan into a doctrine of their own, and turned Basques, along with illegal immigrants from the Global South, into the two main Schmittian ‘foes that threatened the very existence of the Spanish state’ – even after the economic crisis of 2008 and the permanent ceasefire declared by ETA in 2011.

  • 5 - Entre filias y fobias: la doble imagen de Inglaterra en la prensa de entresiglos

  • Leticia Villamediana González
  • Book:
    Anglomanía
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    02 March 2024
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 135-192

  • Summary

    Durante el reinado de Carlos IV, las relaciones exteriores españolas se caracterizaron, más que en todo el siglo, por sus alternativos acercamientos y distanciamientos hacia Francia y el Reino Unido, países que continuamente se intercambiaron los papeles de aliados y enemigos españoles. Como consecuencia del agitado panorama geopolítico de estos años, la prensa vivió al socaire de los acontecimientos políticos. Es por ello que, precisamente en este último tramo del siglo, es imprescindible considerar la prensa española dentro de su curso histórico, siendo esta la perspectiva previa de cualquier otra lectura que se quiera llevar a cabo.

    Tras el estallido de la Revolución en julio de 1789, Carlos IV decidió sustituir la política de hostilidad hacia Francia que el ministro Floridablanca había implementado hasta comienzos de 1792 por otra que representara los lazos del pacto de Familia todavía vigente, especialmente tras la crisis internacional provocada por el conflicto hispano-británico de Nootka en 1790. Así, en un principio, a pesar del desencadenamiento del proceso revolucionario, España consiguió mantener un estado de neutralidad; estado que, finalmente, se vio alterado definitivamente con la ejecución del monarca francés Luis XVI el 21 de enero de 1793. Manuel Godoy, nuevo secretario de Estado, acabó optando por la alianza inglesa en marzo de ese mismo año, mediante la cual España entró en guerra contra la Convención. A pesar de esta tregua temporal con la nación inglesa, los sentimientos de desconfianza y el desentendimiento entre ambos países no llegaron a desaparecer, ya que para los españoles el verdadero objetivo de Inglaterra seguía siendo separar a España y Francia para destruir su marina e imponerse así como dueño indiscutible del poder marítimo y colonial. El conflicto alcanzó su fin en abril de 1795 con la firma del Tratado de Basilea —que le supuso a Godoy el título de Príncipe de la Paz— por el que España reconocía la República Francesa, a la cual cedía la isla de Santo Domingo a cambio de restaurar los límites originales de las fronteras españolas peninsulares perdidos durante la contienda.

    La firma de este tratado implicó la renovación de la alianza con el país galo, ahora republicano, que se vio reforzada el 18 de agosto de 1796 con el Tratado de San Ildefonso, por el que ambos países acordaban mantener una política militar conjunta frente a Inglaterra, recuperándose así los papeles tradicionales.

  • Appendix: Where to Find the Work of the Wardle Family

  • Brenda M. King
  • Book:
    The Wardle Family and its Circle: Textile Production in the Arts and Crafts Era
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    12 June 2021
    Print publication:
    15 March 2019, pp 190-193

  • Summary

    Apart from the ecclesiastical pieces, many of which are still in the churches for which they were made, the work of the Wardle family can be seen in various places beyond Leek, as listed below.

    Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery

    The Gallery has original designs by William Morris that were converted into printed fabric by Thomas Wardle in Leek.

    Cartwright Hall, Bradford

    Cartwright Hall has a large tussar silk hanging commissioned to celebrate Thomas Wardle's achievements. It was designed by Shenaz Ismail and made in Karachi in 2012. Her design contains the book title Silk and Empire woven into the structure.

    Department of Economic Botany, Kew Gardens, London

    The Department holds skeins of embroidery yarns dyed by Thomas Wardle.

    Edinburgh and Glasgow Museums

    The Museums have a small selection of items, some donated by Thomas Wardle.

    Gawthorpe Hall, Padiham, Lancashire

    Gawthorpe Hall has a selection of finished and unfinished embroidered pieces and dyed silk threads from Leek, and a photograph of Mrs Wardle with local embroiderers.

    Goldsmiths College, London

    There are a few examples of ecclesiastical embroidery in the Constance Howard collection.

    Leek Library, Staffordshire

    The Library holds a selection of documents and publications related to the Wardle family.

    The Museum of London

    The Museum has a dress made from a fabric with an Indian-inspired pattern block printed in Leek.

    Reading Museum

    Leek's facsimile of the Bayeux Tapestry is on permanent display at the Museum. It still intrigues, although the embroidered panels seen today have been through a long and strenuous peripatetic life, which, unsurprisingly, has caused some wear and tear. The various attempts to clean and restore the panels have also taken their toll, which is to be expected. Some colours have faded, probably because they have been constantly exposed to light and have endured numerous washings, which released dyestuffs from the wool threads. Consequently, the facsimile does not look exactly as it did when it was assembled in Leek in 1886. Some recent commentators, aiming to compare it with the original, have relied on photographs in publications or online, as it is impossible to take the Leek facsimile to France to make a true appraisal. Yet photographing textiles is a notoriously tricky business despite the latest camera technology and can give an unsatisfactory result where colour reproduction is concerned.

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