Who was Kitty Clive? Her earliest ‘portrait’ shows a bare-bosomed nymph whose song, verses below the image tell us, seduces male listeners. Like so many representations of Clive, this image was a fiction; it was taken from a canvas painted c.1695, sixteen years before she was born. Stories were spun around Clive, some of them by Clive herself. She asserted the kind of person she was through performance, which was when she had greatest control over her self-presentation. Audiences knew that what she enacted was a show, with postures and antics, but soaring above this noise was her seemingly incorruptible voice, which fascinated them. Clive became the first playhouse principal to attain and maintain stardom primarily through song.

Her ascent was improbable. She was born Catherine Raftor, to William and Elizabeth Raftor, in London in 1711.1 She once suggested that her birthday was 15 November, but her twentieth-century biographer Patrick J. Crean found evidence that she may have been baptized ‘Ellenor’ on 15 July 1711. Her father was the son of dispossessed Catholic Anglo-Irish landowners. Disgraced through his support of the Stuart King James II, William Raftor was on 21 April 1691 listed as one of the ‘Jacobites of the County Kilkenny and Upper Ossory[,] outlawed’ by England's new monarch, King William. After the Crown expropriated his lands, he fled to France, like many of his compatriots. He sued for and was granted pardon, came to London, and married Elizabeth Daniell, daughter of ‘an eminent Leather-seller … with whom he had a handsome Fortune’. William Raftor was trained in law but as a Catholic was unable to practise his profession in London.