4 - Mean Times
Summary
Not to speak the language makes you innocent again, invisible…
('Oslo’ MT 32)In a Poetry Book Society Bulletin in 1993, Duffy discusses the multiple resonances of the title of her fourth collection, Mean Time, indicating the development of both her formal and thematic preoccupations. She explains:
The poems in Mean Time are about the different ways in which time brings about change or loss. In the collection, I mean to write about time. The effects of time can be mean. Mean can mean average. The events in the poems can happen to the average man or woman. The dwindling of childhood. Ageing. The distance of history. The tricks of memory and the renewal of language. The end of love. Divorce. New love. Luck. And so on. In the last book… I had begun to write more personal, autobiographical poems; and this switch from the dramatic-monologue dominated stance of earlier collections is intensified in Mean Time. I found it interesting that the techniques stumbled across and refined in writing ‘Other Voices’ helped me to pitch my own voice - for we all have several - particularly when finding language for the painful areas dealt with in the poems.
The collection is framed by the positioning of three poems, ‘Litany’ (SP 95-6), ‘Confession’ (MT 15) and the final poem, ‘Prayer’ (SP 127), which is reminiscent both of Heaney's seventh Glanmore sonnet, and Eliot in ‘Little Gidding’ when he writes ‘And prayer is more / Than an order of words, the conscious occupation / Of the praying mind, or the sound of the voice praying’. The effects of her Catholic upbringing have been of obvious importance, and in an interview in 1991 Duffy explains:
I think, now, I retain some of the motifs of ail that and none of the feelings; faith, guilt, whatever. I do envy people who have a religious faith -1 can recall the comfort, the sense of a safety net. I still enjoy the sensuality of aspects of the Catholic religion and a lot of the imagery.
In adopting a more personal tone than her earlier books, Duffy does not, however, turn wholly away from her earlier interests.
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- Information
- Carol Ann Duffy , pp. 45 - 51Publisher: Liverpool University PressPrint publication year: 2010