Exploring the records of loyalist refugees during the American revolutionary war, I have wanted to understand their diverse forms of attachment to sovereign power, its insistence in lives often torn apart by conflict. It was a revolution experienced by many as a civil war, in which colonial Americans and their British kin discovered themselves internally divided, a felt set of betrayals and desires separating one from another, ‘Bone of our Bone’ in John Adams’ words. This was a war, as Dror Wahrman puts it, ‘irreducible to any reliable map of “us” and “them” based on a stable criterion of difference’, and it rebounded in America on every aspect of daily living, bonds and everyday certainties suddenly opened to urgent question. What did it mean to be ‘loyal’, and to whom, at the very point when the terms of sovereignty were being transformed and divided into winners and losers? In what sense was loyalism irreducible to the ‘command expressions’ that would come to name it as history?