Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Case studies
- Preface to the second edition
- Preface to the first edition
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Section 1 Physiological MR techniques
- Chapter 1 Fundamentals of MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 2 Quantification and analysis in MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 3 Artifacts and pitfalls in MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 4 Fundamentals of diffusion MR imaging
- Chapter 5 Human white matter anatomical information revealed by diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking
- Chapter 6 Artifacts and pitfalls in diffusion MR imaging
- Chapter 7 Cerebral perfusion imaging by exogenous contrast agents
- Chapter 8 Detection of regional blood flow using arterial spin labeling
- Chapter 9 Imaging perfusion and blood–brain barrier permeability using T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging
- Chapter 10 Susceptibility-weighted imaging
- Chapter 11 Artifacts and pitfalls in perfusion MR imaging
- Chapter 12 Methodologies, practicalities and pitfalls in functional MR imaging
- Section 2 Cerebrovascular disease
- Section 3 Adult neoplasia
- Section 4 Infection, inflammation and demyelination
- Section 5 Seizure disorders
- Section 6 Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases
- Section 7 Trauma
- Section 8 Pediatrics
- Section 9 The spine
- Index
- References
Chapter 12 - Methodologies, practicalities and pitfalls in functional MR imaging
from Section 1 - Physiological MR techniques
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Case studies
- Preface to the second edition
- Preface to the first edition
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Section 1 Physiological MR techniques
- Chapter 1 Fundamentals of MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 2 Quantification and analysis in MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 3 Artifacts and pitfalls in MR spectroscopy
- Chapter 4 Fundamentals of diffusion MR imaging
- Chapter 5 Human white matter anatomical information revealed by diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking
- Chapter 6 Artifacts and pitfalls in diffusion MR imaging
- Chapter 7 Cerebral perfusion imaging by exogenous contrast agents
- Chapter 8 Detection of regional blood flow using arterial spin labeling
- Chapter 9 Imaging perfusion and blood–brain barrier permeability using T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging
- Chapter 10 Susceptibility-weighted imaging
- Chapter 11 Artifacts and pitfalls in perfusion MR imaging
- Chapter 12 Methodologies, practicalities and pitfalls in functional MR imaging
- Section 2 Cerebrovascular disease
- Section 3 Adult neoplasia
- Section 4 Infection, inflammation and demyelination
- Section 5 Seizure disorders
- Section 6 Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases
- Section 7 Trauma
- Section 8 Pediatrics
- Section 9 The spine
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
As this book attests, MRI is a hugely versatile technique that is able to provide a wealth of structural, physiological, metabolic, biochemical, and biophysical information. In this sense, much of the information that MRI provides can be viewed as being “functional.” Nevertheless, over the past (almost) two decades, the term functional MRI (fMRI) has come to imply the imaging of neuronal activity, also known as brain mapping. Within this narrowed definition of what is meant by fMRI a further implicit assumption is often that the phenomenon of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is the imaging approach that is used. Certainly, images that are weighted by BOLD contrast, in which regional blood hyperoxygenation associated with local neuronal activity leads to a subtle signal increase in T2-weighted and T2*-weighted images, are the most prevalent type of acquisition in studies performed to date. The BOLD approach is a rather complex contrast mechanism that when used in isolation has the potential to yield misleading conclusions in patient groups. Therefore, the scope of “functional MRI” that will be assumed in this chapter will be the intermediate definition in which the imaging of neuronal activity or cerebral metabolism is assumed to be the goal, but where the MRI tools available to achieve this are not restricted to the BOLD contrast mechanism.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical MR NeuroimagingPhysiological and Functional Techniques, pp. 156 - 168Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
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