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8 - The Web, DHCP, NTP and NAT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Shivendra S. Panwar ,
Shiwen Mao ,
Jeong-dong Ryoo  and
Yihan Li
Shivendra S. Panwar
Affiliation:
Polytechnic University, New York
Shiwen Mao
Affiliation:
Polytechnic University, New York
Jeong-dong Ryoo
Affiliation:
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Unit, South Korea
Yihan Li
Affiliation:
Polytechnic University, New York
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Summary

The dream behind the Web is of a common information space in which we communicate by sharing information.

Tim Berners-Lee

Objectives

  • The HyperText Transfer Protocol and the Apache web server.

  • The Common Gateway Interface.

  • The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

  • The Network Time Protocol.

  • The Network Address Translator and the Port Address Translator.

  • An introduction to socket programming.

The HyperText Transfer Protocol

The HyperText Transfer Protocol and the Web

In the early days of the Internet, email, FTP, and remote login were the most popular applications. The first World Wide Web (WWW) browser was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. Since then, WWW has become the second “Killer App” after email. Its popularity resulted in the exponential growth of the Internet.

In WWW, information is typically provided as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) files (called web pages). WWW resources are specified by Uniform Resource Locators (URL), each consisting of a protocol name (e.g., http, rtp, rtsp), a “://”, a server domain name or server IP address, and a path to a resource (an HTML file or a CGI script (see Section 8.2.2)). The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol for distributing information in the WWW. In common with many other Internet applications, HTTP is based on the client–server architecture. An HTTP server, or a web server, uses the well-known port number 80, while an HTTP client is also called a web browser.

Type
Chapter
Information
TCP/IP Essentials
A Lab-Based Approach
 , pp. 159 - 186
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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