Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Collective Guilt
- Section 1 Defining the nature of collective guilt
- Section 2 The Relationship Between Group Identification and Collective Guilt
- Section 3 Consequences for Intergroup Relations
- 11 Intergroup Forgiveness and Guilt in Northern Ireland: Social Psychological Dimensions of “The Troubles”
- 12 Intergroup Reconciliation Processes in Israel: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Findings
- 13 On Whether to Apologize to Indigenous Australians: The Denial of White Guilt
- 14 Racial Wrongs and Restitutions: The Role of Guilt and Other Group-Based Emotions
- 15 Importance of Social Categorization for Forgiveness and Collective Guilt Assignment for the Holocaust
- Section 4 Commentary on the Volume
- Index
- References
12 - Intergroup Reconciliation Processes in Israel: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Findings
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 January 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Collective Guilt
- Section 1 Defining the nature of collective guilt
- Section 2 The Relationship Between Group Identification and Collective Guilt
- Section 3 Consequences for Intergroup Relations
- 11 Intergroup Forgiveness and Guilt in Northern Ireland: Social Psychological Dimensions of “The Troubles”
- 12 Intergroup Reconciliation Processes in Israel: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Findings
- 13 On Whether to Apologize to Indigenous Australians: The Denial of White Guilt
- 14 Racial Wrongs and Restitutions: The Role of Guilt and Other Group-Based Emotions
- 15 Importance of Social Categorization for Forgiveness and Collective Guilt Assignment for the Holocaust
- Section 4 Commentary on the Volume
- Index
- References
Summary
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict involves two national movements that lay claim to the same land. Since the end of the first major Arab-Israeli war in 1948, relations between Israelis and Palestinians have been marked by violence and distrust, and for most of their common history neither side has accepted the legitimacy of the other's national existence. This reality changed in 1993 when Israelis and Palestinians signed the Oslo Accords, a set of agreements in which both sides formally recognized the legitimacy of the other's national aspirations. Despite this breakthrough, the agreement stipulated that the final settlement between the parties would be postponed until the two sides amassed a sufficient level of trust to tackle the most difficult remaining issues. Consequently, the period between the summer of 1993 and the summer of 2000 was one of trust-building, and expectations for a near and peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were high. In the summer of 2000, this hopeful reality suddenly changed again. Since then, and up through the summer of 2002, hostility and violence have replaced efforts to build a long-lasting peace. Although the present chapter represents a general analysis of intergroup reconciliation, the examples and findings are taken from the context of this conflict.
We begin by distinguishing between the concepts of conflict resolution and reconciliation. Following this distinction, two categories of reconciliation shall be identified – socio-emotional and trust-building reconciliation – and data that are relevant to this distinction will be presented.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Collective GuiltInternational Perspectives, pp. 216 - 235Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
References
(2002). Forgiveness: Origins, dynamics, psychopathology and technical relevance. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 71, 175–212CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bar-On, D. (1989). Legacy of silence: Encounters with children of the Third Reich. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
Barkan, E. (2000). The guilt of nations: Restitution and negotiating historical injustices. New York: W. W. Norton
(1990). Countering the effects of destructive criticism: The relative efficacy of four interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 235–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. (1995). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Oxford: Blackwell
Cairns, E. & Hewstone, M. (2002). Northern Ireland: The impact of peacemaking on intergroup behavior. In G. Salomon & B. Nevo (Eds.), Peace education: The concept, principles and practices around the world (pp. 217–29). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
(1999). Saying sorry: The politics of apology. The Political Quarterly, 10, 285–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1982). Children's reactions to apologies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 742–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1989). Children's reactions to transgressions: Effects of the actor's apology, reputation and remorse. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 353–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , & , (1998). Intergroup bias: status differentiation and a common group identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 109–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enright, R. D., & North, J. (Eds.). (1998). Exploring forgiveness. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press
Exline, J. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Expressing forgiveness and repentance: Benefits and barriers. In M. E. McCullough & K. Pargament & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice (pp. 133 55). New York: Guilford Press
(1993). Characteristics of long time first marriages. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 15, 446–60Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1993). The lex talionis: On vengeance. In S. H. M. Van Goozen, N. E. Van de Poll & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.), Emotions: Essays on Emotion Theory (pp. 263–89). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
, , & (1989). Reducing intergroup bias: The benefits of re-categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 239–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1994). The contact hypothesis: The role of a common ingroup identity on reducing intergroup bias. Small Group Research, 25, 224–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1993). Forgiveness as a psychotherapeutic goal with elderly females. Psychotherapy, 30, 658–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herman, J. (1992). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books
, , & (1991). Reciprocity and cooperation in social dilemmas. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 35, 494–518CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriesberg, L. (2000). Coexistence and the reconciliation of communal conflicts. In E. Weiner (Ed.), The handbook of inter-ethnic co-existence (pp. 182–98). New York: Continuum Publishing
Lederach, J. P. (2000). Beyond violence: Building sustainable peace. In E. Weiner (Ed.), The handbook of inter-ethnic co-existence (pp. 236–49). New York: Continuum Publishing
Lewicki, R. J. & Wiethoff, C. (2000). Trust, trust development and trust repair. In M
McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K., & Thoresen, C. E. (Eds.). (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press
, , & (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321– 36CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadler, A. (2002a). Post resolution processes: An instrumental and socio-emotional routes to reconciliation. In G. Salomon & B. Nevo (Eds.), Peace education worldwide: The concept, principles and practices around the world (pp. 127–43). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
(2002b). Inter-group helping relations as power relations: Maintaining or challenging social dominance between groups through helping. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 487–502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadler, A. & Balint, A. (2002). Effects of expression of empathy and acceptance of responsibility by an Israeli-Jewish leader on Israeli-Arab victims' willingness to forgive. Unpublished Manuscript, Tel Aviv University
Nadler A. & Liviatan, I (2002). Inter-group reconcilation: The effects of acceptance of responsibility and expression of empathy on conflict-related feelings and perceptions. Unpublished Manuscript, Tel Aviv University
Nadler, A. & Saguy, T. (in press). Trust building and reconciliation between adversarial groups: A social psychological perspective. In H. Langholtz & C. E. Stout (Eds.), The psychology of diplomacy. New York: Praeger
, & (1994). Children's reactions to mitigating accounts: Apologies, excuses and intentionally of harm. Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 5–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1983). Sex differences in restoring justice: The down payment effect. Journal of Research in Personality, 17, 174–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pruitt, D. G. (1998). Social Conflict. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & L. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 470–503). New York: McGraw-Hill
Pruitt, D. G. & Carnevale, P. J. (1993). Negotiation in social conflict. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press
(1971). Generalized expectancies for interpersonal trust. American Psychologist, 26, 443–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheff, T. J. (1994). Bloody revenge: Emotions, nationalism and war. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
(1979). The impact of positively structured contact on intergroup behavior: Does it last under adverse conditions?Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 280–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Inter-group conflict and cooperation: The Robber's Cave experiment. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press
Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup relations. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall
Tavuchis, N. (1991). Mea Culpa: A sociology of apology and reconciliation. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press
Tutu, D. (1999). No future without forgiveness. New York: Doubleday
Yuchtman-Yaar, E. & Peres, Y. (2000). Between consent and dissent: Democracy and peace in the Israeli mind. Jerusalem: Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield
- 26
- Cited by