Climate change risk

8.01Climate Change has a significant negative impact on Indonesia. The combination of sea level rise and an increased occurrence of extreme weather, i.e. La Nina and El Nino, will cause higher intensity of erosion and abrasion. In turn it will further negatively affect the changes in the coastline that is already losing ground to higher sea level. This negative impact is reflected in Indonesia’s capital Jakarta. It is estimated that by 2100 Jakarta’s coastline will be reduced by 15 km, thereby directly affecting the central business district. The erosion also contributed to the loss of twenty-four Indonesian islands in two years (2005–07). Extreme weather also causes a significant negative impact on the lives of the population that lives along the coastline. This population is often subject to maritime accidents and disasters caused by extreme weather, diseases, drought and flood. These factors also have a severe impact on the agricultural sector. It should be noted that agriculture is a source of income for 40 per cent of the Indonesian workforce.

Sources of greenhouse gases

8.02The majority of Indonesia’s GHGs come from land use change and the forestry sector (46%), followed by energy (24%), peat fire (12%), waste (11%), agriculture (5%) and industry (2%).