The ‘unknown’ Charter survives in the Archives Nationales in Paris where it is classified as J. 655 in the Archives du Royaume. It was printed by Teulet in his edition of the Layettes in 1863, but was not known to English historians until it was discovered by J. H. Round in 1893:2 hence its name. It has formed part of the French royal archives since the thirteenth Century along with two copies of the Magna Carta of 1216.

The document consists of a copy of the Charter of liberties of Henry I to which certain concessions by John have been added. The provenance of the document and the form ‘Edouardus’ suggest that it was the work of a Frenchman. When he produced it is uncertain, but, whatever the date, it is clear that he was copying for he made errors of repetition in transcribing which he subsequently corrected. Whether he was copying from a document which already associated Henry I's Charter with additional concessions by John, or whether the copyist himself associated the two for the first time in this document cannot be determined. His errors were not limited to repetition. His text of Henry I's Charter contains several omissions and variants. This must be kept in mind in evaluating the second part of the document.

AUTHENTICITY

The main objection to accepting this document as an authentic grant or even as a memorandum of an authentic grant lies in the archaism of the language used in listing John's concessions.