Chapter 1 demonstrated that the circumstances of capture, conditions of captivity and experiences of Ottoman prisoners in Russia were significantly worse than in the British camps in Egypt. This chapter investigates how those differing circumstances influenced construction and understanding of identity, identification, tradition, culture and nation. In so doing, it argues that the inferior conditions of life in the Russian camps contributed to a contentious sense of community among Ottoman prisoners. However, the presence of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners, in close quarters with the Ottoman prisoners, was another significant reason for the hardening of boundaries around the concepts of nation, culture and tradition. Even the relatively easy access to Russian civilians became an important factor in this regard.