It is a great pleasure to write a Foreword to this Second Edition of Imaging of the Newborn edited by Drs. Haresh Kirpalani, Monica Epelman, and John Richard Mernagh.

Imaging in newborns remains a great intellectual challenge. While many neonatal conditions may be appropriately managed with the aid of plain radiographs, only there are other clinical situations that require more sophisticated procedures such as ultrasound, contrast examinations of the gastrointestinal tract, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or even interventional procedures. Irrespective of which modality is used, meticulous technique is required in these small patients as the imaging requirements are different from those for older infants and children. Furthermore, in the newborn, special attention to immobilization techniques, temperature control, and ventilation during imaging is also vitally important.

Radiological interpretation of imaging examinations in a newborn is worthless without a good clinical history from the neonatologist, neonatal surgeon, or physician responsible for the care of the newborn. A close dialogue between the clinician and radiologist is imperative for accurate and meaningful interpretation of images from all modalities. This is particularly important when radiological findings are non-specific in order to ensure appropriate management and to ensure that the correct decision is made whether to use other modalities to clarify the findings.