Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Overview: Biology Is the Foundation of Therapy
- PART I BASIC RESEARCH
- PART II CLINICAL RESEARCH
- 23 Introduction to Clinical Research
- 24 Sarcoma
- 25 Neuroblastoma
- 26 Retinoblastoma
- 27 Primary Brain Tumors and Cerebral Metastases
- 28 Head and Neck Cancer Metastasis
- 29 Cutaneous Melanoma: Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Disease
- 30 Gastric Cancer Metastasis
- 31 Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
- 32 Metastasis of Primary Liver Cancer
- 33 Advances in Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- 34 Lung Cancer Metastasis
- 35 Metastatic Thyroid Cancer: Evaluation and Treatment
- 36 Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
- 37 Bladder Cancer
- 38 Bone Complications of Myeloma and Lymphoma
- 39 Breast Metastasis
- 40 Gynecologic Malignancies
- 41 Prostate Cancer Metastasis: Thoughts on Biology and Therapeutics
- 42 The Biology and Treatment of Metastatic Testicular Cancer
- 43 Applications of Proteomics to Metastasis Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy
- 44 Critical Issues of Research on Circulating and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Cancer Patients
- 45 Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- 46 Molecular Imaging and Metastasis
- 47 Preserving Bone Health in Malignancy and Complications of Bone Metastases
- 48 Role of Platelets and Thrombin in Metastasis
- THERAPIES
- Index
- References
32 - Metastasis of Primary Liver Cancer
from PART II - CLINICAL RESEARCH
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Overview: Biology Is the Foundation of Therapy
- PART I BASIC RESEARCH
- PART II CLINICAL RESEARCH
- 23 Introduction to Clinical Research
- 24 Sarcoma
- 25 Neuroblastoma
- 26 Retinoblastoma
- 27 Primary Brain Tumors and Cerebral Metastases
- 28 Head and Neck Cancer Metastasis
- 29 Cutaneous Melanoma: Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Disease
- 30 Gastric Cancer Metastasis
- 31 Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
- 32 Metastasis of Primary Liver Cancer
- 33 Advances in Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- 34 Lung Cancer Metastasis
- 35 Metastatic Thyroid Cancer: Evaluation and Treatment
- 36 Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
- 37 Bladder Cancer
- 38 Bone Complications of Myeloma and Lymphoma
- 39 Breast Metastasis
- 40 Gynecologic Malignancies
- 41 Prostate Cancer Metastasis: Thoughts on Biology and Therapeutics
- 42 The Biology and Treatment of Metastatic Testicular Cancer
- 43 Applications of Proteomics to Metastasis Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy
- 44 Critical Issues of Research on Circulating and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Cancer Patients
- 45 Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
- 46 Molecular Imaging and Metastasis
- 47 Preserving Bone Health in Malignancy and Complications of Bone Metastases
- 48 Role of Platelets and Thrombin in Metastasis
- THERAPIES
- Index
- References
Summary
Primary liver cancer, largely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third most common cause of cancer death in the world; the overall five-year survival is only 3 percent to 5 percent [1]. Fifty-five percent of deaths occur in China [1]. Metastasis and primary tumor recurrence are the major causes of death. After curative resection (en bloc removal of tumor mass with margins free of tumor at resection), the five-year recurrence rate has been reported to be 61.5 percent, although it is lower (43.5%) after resection of small HCC tumors, which is mainly the result of intrahepatic metastasis via vascular invasion [2]. Because of the hypervascularity of the tumors, vascular invasion occurs in the majority of cases, and HCC metastases to lung, bone, adrenal gland, and other sites via the bloodstream are commonly encountered. Lymph node metastases, particularly in the hepatic hilar area, also occur with high incidence.
Studies of HCC metastasis during the past decades have included early detection and re-resection for subclinical recurrence after curative resection [3], establishment of a metastatic human HCC model system for screening novel therapeutic approaches [4–6], finding of a molecular signature with 153 genes and an immune response signature in the liver microenvironment that can also predict HCC metastasis [7–8], discovery of the association between chromosome 8p deletion and HCC metastasis [9], translation of several biomarkers for clinical prediction of HCC metastasis/recurrence [10–13], identifying novel markers for prediction and therapeutic target [14, 15], demonstrating the inhibitory effect of interferon-alpha on the metastatic recurrence of HBV-related HCC [16, 17], exploring other interventional agents [18–20], and optimizing radiotherapy for HCC metastasis [21, 22].
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Cancer MetastasisBiologic Basis and Therapeutics, pp. 344 - 355Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011