Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-25T16:07:12.099Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Göran I. Ågren
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Folke O. Andersson
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
Principles and Applications
, pp. 304 - 319
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aber, J.D.Melillo, J.M. 2001 Terrestrial EcosystemsSan DiegoAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Aerts, R. 1990 Nutrient use efficiency in evergreen and deciduous species from heathlandsOecologia 84 391CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ågren, G.I. 1996 Nitrogen productivity or photosynthesis minus respiration to calculate plant growthOikos 76 529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ågren, G.I. 2004 The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs: theory and observationsEcology Letters 7 185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ågren, G.I.Bosatta, E. 1990 Theory and model or art and technology in ecologyEcological Modelling 50 213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ågren, G.I.Bosatta, E. 1996 Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology – Understanding Element CyclesCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Ågren, G.I.Bosatta, E. 1998 Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology – Understanding Element CyclesCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Ågren, G.I.Chertov, O.Kahle, H.P. 2008 Analysis of the long-term consequences for sustainability of observed growth changes of the European forestsKahle, H.P.Karjalainen, T.Schuck, A.Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe – Results of the RECOGNITION ProjectLeidenBrill235Google Scholar
Ågren, G.I.Franklin, O. 2003 Root:shoot ratios, optimisation, and nitrogen productivityAnnals of Botany 92 795CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, S.D.Wallenstein, M.D.Bradford, M.A. 2010 Soil-carbon response to warming dependent on microbial physiologyNature Geoscience 3 336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almendros, G.Fründ, R.Gonzalez-Vila, 1991 Analysis of 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR-spectra of soil organic matter and compostsFEBS Letters 282 119CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amundson, R.Jenny, H. 1997 On a state factor model of ecosystemsBioScience 47 536CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F. 1970 Ecological Studies in a Scanian Woodland and Meadow Area, Southern Sweden. I. Vegetational and Environmental StructureLundCWK GleerupGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F. 1970 Ecological studies in a Scanian woodland and meadow area, Southern Sweden. II. Plant biomass, primary production and turnover of organic matterBotaniska Notiser 123 8Google Scholar
Andersson, F.O.Ågren, G.I.Führer, E. 2000 Sustainable tree biomass productionForest Ecology and Management 132 51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F.Bergholm, J.Hallbäcken, 1995 Farabolförsöket – Försurning, Kalkning, och Kvävegödsling av en Sydöstsvensk GranskogDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F.O.Brække, F.H.Hallbäcken, L. 1998 Nutrition and Growth of Norway Spruce Forests in a Nordic Climatic and Deposition GradientCopenhagenNordic Council of Ministers
Andersson, F.Fagerström, T.Nilsson, I. 1980 Forest ecosystem responses to acid deposition – hydrogen ion budget and nitrogen growth model approachesHutchinson, T.Havas, M.Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial EcosystemsNew YorkPlenum319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F.O.Feger, K.H.Hüttl, R.F. 2000 Forest ecosystem research – priorities for EuropeForest Ecology and Management 132 111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, F.Lhoir, P. 2005 IntroductionAndersson, F.Ecosystems of the World 6. Coniferous ForestsAmsterdamElsevier1Google Scholar
Andersson, F.Lundkvist, H. 1989 Long-term Swedish field experiments in forest management practices and site productivityDyck, W.J.Mees, C.A.Research Strategies for Long-Term Site ProductivityForest Research InstituteNew Zealand Bulletin 152 125Google Scholar
Andersson, F.Olsson, B. 1985 Lake Gårdsjön – An Acid Forest Lake and its CatchmentStockholmSwedish Natural Science Research Council
Anonymous 1972 Air Pollution across National Boundaries. The Impact on the Environment of Sulfur in Air and Precipitation. Sweden´s Case Study for the United Nations Conference on the Human EnvironmentStockholmRoyal Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Royal Ministry of AgricultureGoogle Scholar
Anonymous 1982 Acidification Today and TomorrowStockholmSwedish Ministry of AgricultureGoogle Scholar
Anten, N.P.R.Schieving, F.Werger, M.J.A. 1995 Patterns of light and nitrogen distribution in relation to whole canopy carbon gain in C3 and C4 mono- and dicotyledonous speciesOecologia 101 504CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aplet, G.H. 1990 Alteration of earthworm community biomass by the alien in Hawai'iOecologia 82 414CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aronsson, A. 1985 Trädens växtnäringstillstånd i områden med skogsskador [kronutglesning] (Nutritional status of trees in areas with forests decline)Skogsfakta Konferens 8 51Google Scholar
Arrhenius, S. 1896 Naturens värmehushållning (Nature's heat usage)Nordisk tidskrift för vetenskap, konst och industri 14 121Google Scholar
Arrhenius, S. 1896 On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the groundThe London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41 237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aston, A.R. 1979 Rainfall interception by eight small treesJournal of Hydrology 42 383CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkin, O.K.Tjoelker, M.G. 2003 Thermal acclimation and the dynamic response of plant respiration to temperatureTrends in Plant Science 8 343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attiwill, P.M.Leeper, G.W. 1987 Forest Soils and Nutrient CyclesMelbourneIndependent Publication GroupGoogle Scholar
Bailey, A.S.Hornbeck, J.W.Campbell, J.L.Eagar, C. 2003 Hydrometeorological Database for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 1955–2000US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research StationCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, B.V.Zak, D.R.Denton, S.R.Spurr, S.H. 1998 Forest EcologyNew YorkJohn Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar
Baumgartner, A.Reichel, E. 1975 The World Water Balance: Mean Annual Global, Continental and Maritime Precipitation, Evaporation and RunoffAmsterdamElsevierGoogle Scholar
Benson, M.L.Landsberg, J.J.Borough, C.J. 1992 The biology of forest growth experiment – an introductionForest Ecology and Management 52 1CrossRef
Berg, B.Müller, M.Wessén, B. 1987 Decomposition of red clover () rootsSoil Biology & Biochemistry 19 589CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berggren Kleja, D.Svensson, M.Majdi, H. 2008 Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in SwedenBiogeochemistry 89 7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergh, J.Linder, S.Bergström, J. 2005 Potential production for Norway spruce in SwedenForest Ecology and Management 204 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergh, J.Linder, S.Lundmark, T.Elfving, B. 1999 The effect of water and nutrient availability on the productivity of Norway spruce in northern and southern SwedenForest Ecology and Management 119 51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergholm, J.Jansson, P.E.Johansson, U. 1995 Air pollution, tree vitality and forest production – the Skogaby project. General description of a field experiment with Norway spruce in South SwedenNilsson, L.O.Hüttl, R.F.Johansson, U.T.Pathy, P.Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest EcosystemsEuropean Commission Research Report 2169Google Scholar
Berglund, B.E. 2003 Human impact and climate changes – synchronous events and a causal link?Quaternary International 105 7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berglund, B.E.Björkman, L.Holmqvist, B.H.Persson, T. 2007 The history of the vegetation of Skåne – changes during 17 000 yearsTyler, T.Johansson, H.Olsson, K.A.Sonesson, M.Floran i Skåne. Arterna och Deras UtbredningLundLunds Botaniska Förening27Google Scholar
Berglund, B.E.Gaillard, M.J.Björkman, L.Persson, T 2008 Long-term changes in floristic diversity in southern Sweden: Palynological richness, vegetation dynamics and land-useVegetation History and Archaeobotany 17 573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berglund, B.E.Persson, T.Björkman, L. 2007 Late Quaternary landscape and vegetation diversity in a North European perspectiveQuaternary International 184 187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binkley, D.Högberg, P. 1997 Does atmospheric deposition of nitrogen threaten Swedish forests?Forest Ecology and Management 92 119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birks, H.J.B. 1986 Late-quaternary biotic changes in terrestrial and lacustrine environments, with particular reference to north-west EuropeBerglund, B.E.Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and PalaeohydrologyChichesterJohn Wiley & Sons3Google Scholar
Birks, H.J.B.Birks, H.H. 2004 The rise and fall of forestsScience 305 484CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Björkman, O. 1981 Responses to different quantum flux densitiesLange, O.L.Nobel, P.S.Osmond, C.B.Ziegler, H.Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 12 BerlinSpringer-Verlag57Google Scholar
Blennow, K.Hammarlund, K. 1993 From heath to forest – land-use transformation in Halland, SwedenAmbio 22 561Google Scholar
Bloom, A.J.ChapinIII, T.S.Mooney, H.A. 1985 Resource limitation in plants – an economic analogyAnnual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16 363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonan, G. 2002 Ecological Climatology – Concepts and ApplicationsCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Bormann, F.H.Likens, G.E. 1979 Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem – Disturbance, Development and the Steady State Based on the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem StudyNew YorkSpringerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bortyatinski, J.M.Hatacher, P.G.Knicker, H. 1996 NMR techniques (C, N, and H) studies of humic substancesGaffney, J.S.Marley, N.A.Clark, S.B.Humic and Fulvic Acids – Isolation, Structure, and Environmental RoleWashington, DC:American Chemical Society57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botkin, D.B.Janek, J.F.Wallis, J.R. 1972 Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growthJournal of Ecology 60 849CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, C.T. 1991 Chemistry of gaseous pollutant formation and destructionBartok, W.Sarofim, A.D.Fossil Fuel Combustion – A Source BookNew YorkJohn Wiley & Sons215Google Scholar
Bradshaw, R.H.W.Lindbladh, M. 2005 Regional spread and stand-scale establishment of and in ScandinaviaEcology 86 1679CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, C.B.Weil, R.R. 2007 The Nature and Properties of SoilsUpper Saddle River, NJPearson, Prentice HallGoogle Scholar
Breymeyer, A.I.Van Dyne, G.M. 1980 Grasslands, Systems Analysis and ManCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Buchmann, N.Guehl, J.M.Barigah, T.S.Ehleringer, J.R. 1997 Interseasonal comparison of CO2 concentrations, isotopic composition, and carbon dynamics in an Amazonian rainforest (French Guiana)Oecologia 110 120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cajander, A.K. 1909 Über Waldtypen (On forest types)Acta Forestalia Fennica 1 1Google Scholar
Cajander, A.K. 1930 Wesen und Bedeutung der Waldtypen (Nature and importance of forest types)Silva Fennica 15 1Google Scholar
Cannell, M.G.R.Thornley, J.H.M. 1998 Temperature and CO2 responses of leaf and canopy photosynthesis: A clarification using the non-rectangular hyperbola model of photosynthesisAnnals of Botany 82 883CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannell, M.G.R.Thornley, J.H.M. 2000 Modelling the components of plant respiration: Some guiding principlesAnnals of Botany 85 45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, S.R.Turner, M.G. 1998 At last: A journal devoted to ecosystem scienceEcosystems 1 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ChapinIII, F.S.Matson, P.A.Mooney, H.A. 2002 Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem EcologyNew YorkSpringerGoogle Scholar
Christie, E.K.Moorby, J. 1975 Physiological responses of semiarid grasses. I. The influence of phosphorous supply on growth and phosphorous absorptionAustralian Journal of Agricultural Research 26 423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, K.Jenkinson, D.S. 1999 RothC-26.3 – A Model for the Turnover of Carbon in Soil. Model Description and Windows Users GuideHarpendenIARC–RothamstedGoogle Scholar
Conway, T.J.Tans, P.Waterman, L.S. 1988 Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements in the remote global troposphere, 1981–1984Tellus 40 81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornelissen, J.H.C. 1996 An experimental comparison of leaf decomposition rates in a wide range of temperate plant species and typesJournal of Ecology 84 573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornwell, W.K.Cornelissen, J.H.C.Amatangelo, K. 2008 Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter decomposition rates within biomes worldwideEcology Letters 11 1065CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowling, E.B. 1980 A historical resumé of progress in scientific and public understanding of acid precipitation and its biological consequencesResearch Report 18/80. SNSF-project (Acid Precipitation – Effects on Forest and Fish)Oslo-ÅsNorwayGoogle Scholar
Crews, T.E.Kitiyama, K.Fownes, J.H. 1995 Changes in soil phosphorus fractions and ecosystem dynamics across a long chronosequence in HawaiiEcology 76 1407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, E. 1991 Fluxes of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide from terrestrial ecosystemsRogers, J.E.Whitman, W.B.Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides, and HalomethanesWashington, DCAmerican Society for Microbiology219Google Scholar
de Laplante, K. 2005 Is ecosystem management a postmodern science?Cuddington, K.E.Beisner, B.E.Ecological Paradigms Lost: Routes of Theory ChangeBurlington, MAAcademic Press397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Lucia, E.H.Drake, J.E.Thomas, R.B.Gonzalez-Meler, G. 2007 Forest carbon use efficiency: Is respiration a constant fraction of gross primary production?Global Change Biology 13 1157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Saussure, N.T. 1804 Recherches chimiques sur la végétationParisNyonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Grosso, S.Parton, W.Stohlgren, T. 2008 Global potential net primary production predicted from vegetation class, precipitation, and temperatureEcology 89 2117CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Des Marais, D.J. 2000 When did photosynthesis emerge on EarthScience 289 1703Google Scholar
Dewar, R.C.Medlyn, B.E.McMurtrie, R.E. 1999 Acclimation of the respiration/photosynthesis ratio to temperature: Insights from a modelGlobal Change Biology 5 615CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duvigneaud, P. 1980 La Synthèse EcologiqueParisDoinGoogle Scholar
Edmonds, R.L. 1982 Analysis of Forest Ecosystems in the Western United States. US/IBP Synthesis SeeriesStroudsburg, PAHutchinson Ross PublishingGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, P.R.Ehrlich, A. 1970 Population, Resources, Environment: Issues in Human EcologySan Fransisco, CAW.H. FreemanGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, P.R.Ehrlich, A. 1981 Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of SpeciesNew YorkRandom HouseGoogle Scholar
Ek, A.S.Löfgren, S.Bergholm, J.Qvarfort, U. 2001 Environmental effects of one thousand years of copper production at Falun, Central SwedenAmbio 30 96CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eliasson, P.E.McMurtrie, R.E.Pepper, D.A. 2005 The response of heterotrophic CO2-flux to soil warmingGlobal Change Biology 11 167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellenberg, H.Mayer, R.Schauermann, J. 1986 Ökosystemforschung – Ergebnisse des Solling Projekts 1966–1986StuttgartUlmerGoogle Scholar
Elton, C. 1927 Animal EcologyLondonSigdwick & JacksonGoogle Scholar
Emberson, L.Ashmore, M.Murray, F. 2003 Air Pollution Impacts on Crops and Forests – A Global Assessment 4 LondonImperial College PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
ENFORS 2005 European Long-Term Research for Sustainable Forestry: A Research Strategy for Sustainable Forest Management in EuropeParisECOFORGoogle Scholar
Ericsson, T. 1994 Nutrient dynamics and requirements of forest cropsNew Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 24 133Google Scholar
Eugster, W.Rouse, W.R.PielkeSr, R.A. 2000 Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: Available data and feedbacks to climateGlobal Change Biology 6 84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falkengren-Grerup, U. 1989 Soil acidification and its impact on ground vegetationAmbio 18 179Google Scholar
Falkengren-Grerup, U. 1995 Long-term changes in flora and vegetation in deciduous forests of S SwedenEcological Bulletins 44 215Google Scholar
FAO 1998 World Reference Base for Soil ResourcesRomeFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGoogle Scholar
Farcy, C.Tabush, P. 2005 Sustainability and forest use: Concepts and prerequisiteMårell, A.Leitgeb, E.European Long-Term Research for Sustainable Forestry: Experimental and Monitoring Assets at the Ecosystem and Landscape Level. Part 2: ENFORS Field FacilitiesParisECOFOR6Google Scholar
Fargione, J.Hill, J.Tilman, D.Polasky, S.Hawthorne, P. 2008 Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debtScience 319 1235CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firestone, M.K.Davidson, E.A. 1989 Microbial basis of NO and N2O production and consumption in soilAndreae, M.O.Schimel, D.S.Exchange of Trace Gases between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the AtmosphereChichesterJohn Wiley & Sons7Google Scholar
Florin, R. 1964 Barrträdens utbredning i tid och rum (Conifer distribution in time and space, summary in English)Svensk Naturvetenskap 1964 243Google Scholar
Foley, J.A.Kutzbach, J.E.Coe, M.T.Levis, S. 1994 Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epochNature 371 52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, R.T.T. 1995 Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and RegionsCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Franklin, O.Ågren, G.I. 2002 Leaf senescence and resorption as mechanisms of maximizing photosynthetic production during canopy development at N limitationFunctional Ecology 16 727CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraústo da Silva, J.J.R.Williams, R.J.P. 2001 The Biological Chemistry of the Elements – The Inorganic Chemistry of LifeOxfordOxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Fry, B. 2006 Stable Isotope EcologyNew YorkSpringerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fung, I.Y.Doney, S.C.Lindsay, K.John, J. 2005 Evolution of carbon sinks in a changing climateProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 11201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaillard, M.J.Sugita, S.Bunting, M.J. 2008 The use of modelling and simulation approach in reconstructing past landscapes from fossil pollen data: A review and results from the POLLANDCAL networkVegetation History and Archaeobotany 17 419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galloway, J.N.Dentener, F.J.Capone, D.G. 2004 Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and futureBiogeochemistry 70 153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillon, D.Joffre, R.Ibrahima, A. 1999 Can litter decomposabiltiy be predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy?Ecology 80 175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grünzweig, J.M.Gelfand, I.Fried, Y.Yakir, D. 2007 Biogeochemical factors contributing to enhanced carbon storage following afforestation of a semi-arid shrublandBiogeosciences 4 891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gundersen, P.Schmidt, I.K.Raulund-Rasmussen, K. 2006 Leaching of nitrate from temperate forests – effects of air pollution and forest managementEnvironmental Reviews 14 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutschick, V.P. 1981 Evolved strategies in nitrogen acquisition by plantsAmerican Naturalist 118 607CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haeckel, E.H. 1866 Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (General Morphology of Organisms)BerlinGeorg ReimerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallbäcken, L.Tamm, C.O. 1986 Changes in soil acidity from 1927 to 1982–84 in a forest area of SW SwedenScandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1 219Google Scholar
Halldin, S.Grip, H.Jansson, P.E.Lindgren, Å. 1980 Micrometeorology and hydrology of pine forest ecosystems. II. Theory and modelPersson, T.Structure and Function of Northern Coniferous Forests. Ecological Bulletins 32 463Google Scholar
Hector, A.Joshi, J.Scherer-Lorenzen, M. 2007 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Reconciling the results of experimental and observational studiesFunctional Ecology 21 998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helvey, J.D.Patric, J.H. 1965 Canopy and litter interception of rainfall by hardwoods of eastern United StatesWater Resources Research 1 193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hettelingh, J.P.Posch, M.Slootweg, J. 2008 Critical Load, Dynamic Modelling and Impact Assessment in EuropeCoordination Centre for Effects, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Högberg, P.Houbao, F.Quist, M.Binkley, D.Tamm, C.O. 2006 Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 years of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forestGlobal Change Biology 12 489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holling, C.S. 1992 Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystemsEcological Monographs 62 447CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houghton, R.A.Hackler, J.L. 2002 Carbon flux to the atmosphere from land-use changesTrends: A Compendium of Data on Global ChangeOak Ridge, TNCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of EnergyGoogle Scholar
Hultberg, H. 1985 Changes in fish populations and water chemistry in Lake Gårdsjön and neighbouring lakes last centuryEcological Bulletins 37 64Google Scholar
Hultberg, H.Skeffington, R. 1997 Experimental Reversal of Acid Rain Effects – The Gårdsjön Roof ProjectNew YorkJohn Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar
Hytteborn, H.Maslov, A.A.Nazimova, D.I.Rysin, L.P.Boreal forests of Eurasia 2005 Andersson, F.Ecosystems of the World 6. Coniferous ForestsAmsterdamElsevier23Google Scholar
Ingestad, T. 1980 Growth, nutrition, and nitrogen fixation in grey alder at varied rate of nitrogen additionPhysiologia Plantarum 50 353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingestad, T.Ågren, G.I. 1988 Nutrient uptake and allocation rates at steady-state nutritionPhysiologia Plantarum 72 450CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingestad, T.Ågren, G.I. 1992 Theories and methods on plant nutrition and growthPhysiologia Plantarum 84 177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingestad, T.Aronsson, A.Ågren, G.I. 1981 Nutrient flux density model of mineral nutrition in conifer ecosystemsStudia Forestalia Suecica 161 61Google Scholar
Ingestad, T.Hellgren, O.Lund Ingestad, A.B. 1994 Data base for tomato plants at steady-state. Methods and performance of tomato plants . cv. Solentos under non-limiting conditions and under limitation by nitrogen and lightUppsalaSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesGoogle Scholar
Ingestad, T.Hellgren, O.Lund Ingestad, A.B. 1994 Data base for birch plants at steady-state. Performance of birch plants under non-limiting conditions and under limitation by nitrogen and lightUppsalaSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesGoogle Scholar
Ingestad, T.Lund, A.B. 1986 Theory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plantsScandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1 439CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IPCC 2001 Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeHoughton, J.T.Ding, Y.Griggs, D.J.CambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
IPCC 2006 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesEggleston, H.S.Buendia, L.Miwa, K.Ngara, T.Tanabe, K.HayamaIGESGoogle Scholar
IPCC 2007 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSolomon, S.Qin, D.Manning, M.CambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Jackson, R.B.Canadell, J.Ehleringer, J.R. 1996 A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomesOecologia 108 389CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansen, D. 1999 The climate systemMartens, P.Rotmans, J.Climate Change: An Integrated PerspectiveDordrechtKluwer Academic Publishers11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansson, M.Bergström, A.K.Lymer, D.Vrede, K.Karlsson, J. 2006 Bacterioplankton growth and nutrient use efficiencies under variable organic carbon and inorganic phosphorus ratiosMicrobial Ecology 52 358CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarvis, P.G.Fowler, D.G. 2001 Forests and the atmosphereEvans, J.The Forests Handbook 1 OxfordBlackwell Science229CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, P.G.James, G.B.Landsberg, J.J. 1976 Coniferous forestsMonteith, J.L.Vegetation and the Atmosphere 2 LondonAcademic Press171Google Scholar
Jenny, H. 1941 Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative PedologyNew YorkDoverGoogle Scholar
Joffre, R.Ågren, G.I.Gillon, D.Bosatta, E. 2001 Organic matter quality in ecological studies: Theory meets experimentOikos 93 451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joffre, R.Gillon, D.Dardenne, P.Agneessens, R.Biston, R. 1992 The use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in litter decomposition studiesAnnales des Sciences Forestières 49 481CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D.W.Lindberg, S.E. 1992 Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient CyclingNew YorkSpringer VerlagCrossRef
Jones, C.Lowe, J.Liddicoat, S.Betts, R. 2009 Committed terrestrial ecosystem changes due to climate changeNature Geoscience 2 484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonsson, B.Sundberg, R. 1972 Has the acidification by atmospheric pollution caused a growth reduction in Swedish forests?StockholmDepartment of Forest ProductionGoogle Scholar
Jonsson, B.Svensson, L.G. 1982 A study of the effects of air pollution and forest yieldUmeå, SwedenSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesGoogle Scholar
Kahle, H.P.Karjalainen, T.Schuck, A. 2008 Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe – Results of the RECOGNITION ProjectLeidenBrill
Karlsson, P.E.Örlander, G.Langvall, O. 2006 Negative impact of ozone on the stem basal area increment of mature Norway spruce in S SwedenForest Ecology and Management 232 146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, P.E.Pleijel, G.Belhaj, M. 2005 Economic assessment of the negative impacts of ozone on crop yields and forest production. A case study of the Estate Östads Säteri, SW SwedenAmbio 34 32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeling, R.F.Piper, S.C.Bollenbacher, A.F.Walker, J.S. 2009 Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling networkTrends: A Compendium of Data on Global ChangeOak Ridge, TNCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of EnergyGoogle Scholar
Kiehl, J.T.Trenberth, K.E. 1997 Earth's annual global mean energy budgetBulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78 1912.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Killingbeck, K.T. 1996 Nutrients in senesced leaves: Keys to the search for potential resorption and resorption proficiencyEcology 77 1716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschbaum, M.U.F. 2000 Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warmingBiogeochemistry 48 21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kling, G.W.Kipphut, G.W.Miller, M.C. 1991 Arctic lakes and streams as gas conduits to the atmosphere: Implications for tundra carbon budgetsScience 251 298CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolasa, J.Pickett, S.T.A. 1991 Ecological HeterogeneityNew YorkSpringer VerlagCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kranabetter, J.M.Dawson, C.R.Dunn, D.E. 2007 Indices of dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrate across productivity gradients of boreal forestsSoil Biology & Biochemistry 39 3147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larcher, W. 1995 Physiological Plant EcologyBerlinSpringer-VerlagCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S.L.Lopez-Gonzalez, G.Sonké, B. 2009 Increasing carbon storage in intact African tropical forestsNature 457 1003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Likens, G.E. 1992 The ecosystem approach: Its use and abuseKinne, O.Excellence in EcologyOldendorf/LuheEcology InstituteGoogle Scholar
Likens, G.E.Bormann, F.H. 1995 Biogeochemistry of a Forested EcosystemNew YorkSpringerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liljegren, R. 1999 Växternas och djurens invandring (Immigration of plants and animals)Germundsson, T.Schlyter, P.Atlas över SkåneUppsalaAlmqvist & WiksellGoogle Scholar
Lindeman, R.L. 1942 The trophic-dynamic aspects of ecologyEcology 23 399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linder, S. 1987 Responses to water and nutrients in coniferous eosystemsSchulze, E.D.Zwölfer, H.Potentials and Limitations of Ecosystem Analysis 61 Berlin-HeidelbergSpringer-Verlag180CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1734 Dalaresan. Iter DalekarlicumThe Early Works of Carl von Linné 1889StockholmRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencesGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1751 Philosophia BotanicaStockholmKessinger Publishing, LLCGoogle Scholar
Lotka, A.J. 1925 Elements of Physical BiologyBaltimore, MDWilliams & WilkensGoogle Scholar
Loucks, O.L. 1970 Evolution of diversity, efficiency, and community stabilityAmerican Zoologist 10 17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loucks, O.L. 1986 The Unites States' IBP: An ecosystems perspective after fifteen yearsPoulunin, N.Ecosystem Theory and Application. Environmental Monographs and SymposiaNew YorkJohn Wiley & Sons390Google Scholar
Lovelock, J. 1979 Gaia: A New Look at Life on EarthOxfordOxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Lovelock, J. 1988 Ages of GaiaOxfordOxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Luyssaert, S.Schulze, E.D.Börner, A. 2008 Old-growth forests as global carbon sinksNature 455 213CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackenzie, F.T.Ver Lerman, L.M. 1998 Coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in the land-ocean-atmosphere systemGalloway, J.N.Melillo, J.M.Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate ChangeCambridgeCambridge University Press42Google Scholar
Malmström, C. 1939 Hallands skogar under de senaste 300 åren (The Forests of the Province Halland during the last 300 Years)Meddelanden Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt 31 171Google Scholar
Marland, G.Boden, T.A.Andres, R.J. 2006 Global, regional, and national CO2 emissionsTrends: A Compendium of Data on Global ChangeOak Ridge, TNCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of EnergyGoogle Scholar
May, R.M. 1973 Stability and Complexity in Model EcosystemsPrinceton, NJPrinceton University PressGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, R.M. 1999 Unanswered questions in ecologyPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Seeries B, Biological Sciences 354 1951CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNaughton, S.J.Oesterheld, M.Frank, D.A.Williams, K.J. 1989 Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitatsNature 341 142CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNaughton, S.J.Ruess, R.W.Seagle, S.W. 1988 Large mammals and process dynamics in African ecosystemsBioScience 38 794CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metherell, A.K.Harding, L.A.Cole, C.V.Parton, W.J. 1993 Century ManualFort Collins, COUSDA-ARSGoogle Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: SynthesisWashington, DCIsland PressGoogle Scholar
Minderman, G. 1968 Addition, decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in forestsJournal of Ecology 56 355CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R.Mayer, R.A.Downhower, J. 1976 An evaluation of three biome programsScience 192 859CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteith, J.L.Unsworth, M.H. 1990 Principles of Environmental PhysicsLondonEdward ArnoldGoogle Scholar
Naiman, R.J. 1988 Animal influences on ecosystem dynamicsBioScience 38 750CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Atlas of Sweden 1990 www.sna.se
Nilsson, J.Grennfelt, P. 1988 Critical load for sulfur and nitrogen. Report from a workshop at Skokloster, SwedenCopenhagenNORD ReportGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, I.Miller, H.G.Miller, J.D. 1982 Forest growth a possible cause of soil and water acidification: An examination of the conceptsOikos 39 40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, I.Nilsson, J. 1981 Olika källor till markförsurningSolnaSwedish Environmental Protection AgencyGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, I.Tyler, G. 1995 Acidification induced chemical changes of forests during recent decades – a reviewEcological Bulletins 44 54Google Scholar
Nilsson, L.O.Wiklund, K. 1995 Nutrient balance and P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B accumulation in Norway spruce stand following ammonium sulfate application, fertigation, irrigation, drought and N-free-fertilisationPlant and Soil 168 437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordin, A.Högberg, P.Näsholm, T. 2001 Soil nitrogen form and plant nitrogen uptake along a boreal forest productivity gradientOecologia 129 125CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odén, S. 1967
Odén, S. 1967
Odum, E.P. 1953 Fundamentals of EcologyLondonSaundersGoogle Scholar
Odum, E.P. 1959 Fundamentals of EcologyLondonSaundersGoogle Scholar
Odum, E.P. 1971 Fundamentals of EcologyLondonSaundersGoogle Scholar
Odum, E.P. 1983 Basic Ecology (Considered as the 4th edn of Fundamentals of Ecology)LondonSaundersGoogle Scholar
Odum, E.P.Barrett, G.W. 2005 Fundamentals of EcologyBelmont, CAThomson BrooksGoogle Scholar
Odum, H.T. 1983 Systems Ecology: An IntroductionNew YorkWiley & SonsGoogle Scholar
Olson, R.K.Binkley, D.Bohm, M. 1992 The Response of Western Forests to Air PollutionNew YorkSpringer-VerlagCrossRef
Ovington, J.D. 1962 Quantitative ecology and the woodland ecosystem conceptAdvances in Ecological Research 1 103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pales, J.C.Keeling, C.D. 1965 The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in HawaiiJournal of Geophysical Research 24 6053CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papaik, M.J.Canham, C.D. 2006 Species resistance and community response to wind disturbance regimes in northern temperate forestsJournal of Ecology 94 1011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G.G.Harmon, M.E.Lefsky, M.A. 2004 Three-dimensional structure of an old-growth canopy and its implications for radiation balance, microclimate, and gas exchangeEcosystems 7 440CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastor, J. 2008 Mathematical Ecology of Populations and EcosystemsChichesterWiley-BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Pastor, J.Naiman, R.J.Dewey, B.McInnes, P. 1988 Moose, microbes, and the boreal forestBioScience 38 770CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penning de Vries, F.W.T. 1974 Substrate utilization and respiration in relation to growth and maintenance in higher plantsNetherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 22 40Google Scholar
Perakis, S.S.Hedin, L.O. 2002 Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compoundsNature 415 416CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perring, M.P.Hedin, L.O.Levin, S.A.McGroddy, M.de Mazancourt, C. 2008 Increased plant growth from nitrogen addition should conserve phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystemsProceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 105 1971CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Persson, T. 1980 Structure and Function of Northern Coniferous ForestsStockholmSwedish Natural Science Research Council
Persson, T.Nilsson, L.O. 2001 Skogabyförsöket – Effekter av Långvarig Kväve- och Svaveltillförsel till EkosystemStockholm
Peterson, G.Allen, C.R.Holling, C.S. 1998 Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scaleEcosystems 1 6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, S.T.A.Cadenasso, M.I 2002 The ecosystem as a multidimensional concept: meaning, model, and metaphorEcosystems 5 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, S.T.A.White, P.S. 1985 Patch dynamics: A synthesisPickett, S.T.A.White, P.S.The Ecology of Natural Disturbances and Patch DynamicsOrlando, FLAcademic Press371Google Scholar
Pickett, S.T.A.White, P.S. 1985 The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch DynamicsNew YorkAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Poorter, H.van der Werf, A.Atkin, O.K.Lambers, H. 1991 Respiratory energy requirements of roots vary with the potential growth rate of a plant speciesPhysiologia Plantarum 83 469CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, R.F.Adams, M.B.Joslin, J.D.Fiske, J.N. 2005 Non-boreal forests of North AmericaAndersson, F.Ecosystems of the World 6 AmsterdamElsevier221Google Scholar
Prietzel, J.Kolb, E.Rehfuss, K.E. 1997 Langzeituntersuchungen ehemals streugenutzter Kiefernökosysteme in der Oberpfalz: Veränderungen von bodenchemischen Eigenschaften und der Nährelementvorsorgung der Beständs (Long-term study of formerly litter-raked Scots pine ecosystems in NE Bavaria: Recent changes in soil chemical properties and stand nutrition)Fortwissenschaftlisches Centralblatt 116 269CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raffaelli, D.G.Frid, C.L.J. 2010 Ecosystem Ecology – A New SynthesisCambridgeCambridge University PressCrossRef
Raison, R.J.Khanna, P.K.Woods, P.V. 1985 Transfer of elements to the atmosphere during low-intensity prescribed fires in three Australian subalpine eucalypt forestsCanadian Journal of Forest Research 15 657CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raison, R.J.Myers, B.J. 1992 The biology of forest growth experimentForest Ecology and Management 52 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastetter, E.B.McKane, R.B.Shaver, G.R.Melillo, J.M. 1992 Changes in C storage by terrestrial ecosystems: How C-N interactions restrict responses to CO2 and temperatureWater, Air, and Soil Pollution 64 327CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastetter, E.B.Perakis, S.S.Shaver, G.R.Ågren, G.I. 2005 Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO2 and temperature: The role of dissolved organic N lossEcological Applications 15 71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastetter, E.B.Vitousek, P.M.Field, C. 2001 Resource optimization and symbiotic N fixationEcosystems 4 369CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, D.Beerling, D.Cannell, M. 2001 Annex 2 Examples of management activities to maximise carbon sequestration; 2.2 ‘Carbon Forestry’ – the direct role of forest managementThe Role of Land Carbon Sinks in Mitigating Global Climate ChangeLondonThe Royal Society25Google Scholar
Reeburgh, W.S. 1997 Figures summarizing the global cycles of biogeochemically important elementsBulletin of the Ecological Society of America 78 260Google Scholar
Reich, P.B.Walters, M.B.Ellsworth, D.S. 1997 From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioningProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 13730CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichle, D.E. 1981 Dynamic Properties of Forest EcosystemsCambridgeCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Renberg, I.Bigler, C.Bindler, R. 2009 Environmental history: A piece in the puzzle for establishing plans for environmental managementJournal of Environmental Management 90 2794CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, J.F. 2001 Non-equilibrium systemsMooney, H.A.Canadell, J.The Earth System: Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environment Change 2 New YorkJohn Wiley & Sons446Google Scholar
Romell, L.G. 1935 Ecological problems of the humus layer in the forestCornell University Agricultural Experimental Station Memoirs 37 348Google Scholar
Sala, O.E.Chapin, F.S.Armesto, J.J. 2000 Biodiversity – global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100Science 287 1770CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanderson, J.Harris, L.D. 2000 Landscape Ecology: A Top-Down ApproachBoca Raton, FLLewis PublishersGoogle Scholar
Saugier, B.Roy, J.Mooney, H.A. 2001 Estimations of global terrestrial productivity: Converging toward a single number?Roy, J.Saugier, B.Mooney, H.A.Terrestrial Global ProductivitySan Diego, CAAcademic Press543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCEP 1970 Man's Impact on the Global Environment. Study of Critical Environmental ProblemsCambridge, MAMIT PressGoogle Scholar
Schimel, J.P.Weintraub, M.N. 2003 The implications of exoenzyme activity on microbial carbon and nitrogen limitation in soil: A theoretical modelSoil Biology & Biochemistry 35 549CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlesinger, W.H. 1997 Biogeochemistry – Analysis of Global ChangeSan Diego, CAAcademic PressGoogle Scholar
Schröter, D.Wolters, V.De Ruiter, P.C. 2003 C and N mineralisation in the decomposer food webs of a European forest transectOikos 102 294CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, E.D. 2000 Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest EcosystemsHeidelbergSpringer-VerlagCrossRef
Schütz, H.P.Schröder, P.Rennenberg, H. 1991 The role of plants in regulating methane flux to the atmosphereSharkey, T.D.Holland, E.A.Mooney, H.A.Trace Gas Emissions by PlantsSan Diego, CAAcademic Press29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotese, C.R. 2001 Atlas of Earth History 1 Arlington, TXPALEOMAP ProjectGoogle Scholar
Sears, P.B. 1956 The processes of environmental change by manThomas, W.L.Man's Role in Changing the Face of the EarthChicago, ILUniversity of Chicago Press471Google Scholar
Seyferth, U. 1998 Effects of soil temperature and moisture on carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in coniferous forestUppsalaDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesGoogle Scholar
Shugart, H. 2002 Forest gap modelsMooney, H.A.Canadell, J.G.Encyclopedia of Global Environmental ChangeChichesterJohn Wiley & Sons316Google Scholar
Sjörs, H. 1967 Nordisk växtgeografi (Nordic Plant Geography)StockholmSvenska bokförlagetGoogle Scholar
Smith, D.H. 1946 Storm damage in New England forestsNew Haven, CTYale UniversityGoogle Scholar
Smith, R.A. 1872 Air and RainLondonLongmans GreenGoogle Scholar
SNV 2000 Naturens Återhämtning från Försurning: Aktuell Kunskap och FramtidsscenarierSwedish Environmental Protection AgencyGoogle Scholar
SNV 2007 Bara Naturlig FörsurningSwedish Environmental Protection AgencyGoogle Scholar
Söderqvist, T. 1986 The Ecologists – From Merry Naturalists to Saviours of the Nation. A Sociological Informed Narrative Survey of the Ecologization of Sweden 1895–1975StockholmAlmqvist & Wiksell InternationalGoogle Scholar
Sollins, P.Greier, C.C.McCorison, F.M. 1980 The internal element cycles of an old-growth Douglas fir ecosystem in W OregonEcological Monographs 50 261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, E.P.Berg, L.R. 1995 World of BiologyPhiladelphia, PASaunders College PublishingGoogle Scholar
Soussana, J.F.Lüscher, A. 2007 Temperate grasslands and global atmospheric change: A reviewGrass and Forage Science 62 127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiecker, H.Mielikäinen, K.Köhl, M.Skovsgaard, J. 1996 Growth Trends in European Forests. Studies from 12 CountriesHeidelbergSpringerCrossRef
Staaf, H.Tyler, G. 1995 Effects of Acid Deposition and Tropospheric Ozone on ForestsCopenhagenJohn Wiley & Sons
Stearns, F.S. 1949 Ninety years of change in a northern hardwood forest WisconsinEcology 30 350CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stendahl, J. 2007
Stern, D.I. 2006 Reversal of the trend in global anthropogenic sulfur emissionsGlobal Environmental Change 16 207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterner, R.W.Elser, J.J. 2002 Ecological Stoichiometry – The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the BiospherePrinceton, NJPrinceton University PressGoogle Scholar
Still, C.J.Berry, J.A.Collatz, G.J.DeFries, R.S. 2003 Global distribution of C3 and C4 vegetation: Carbon cycle implicationsGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles 17 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ström, L.Christensen, T.R. 2007 Below ground carbon turnover and greenhouse gas exchanges in a sub-arctic wetlandSoil Biology & Biochemistry 39 1689CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukachev, V.N. 1959 The correlation between the concepts of ‘forest ecosystem’ and ‘forest biogeocoenosis’ and their importance for the classification of forestsProceedings IX International Botanical Congress II TorontoUniversity of Toronto PressGoogle Scholar
Sukachev, V.N.Swedish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 1995 JököpingSwedish Forest AgencyGoogle Scholar
Swift, M.J.Heal, O.W.Anderson, J.M. 1979 Decomposition in Terrestrial EcosystemsOxfordBlackwell Scientific PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Switzer, G.L.Nelson, L.E. 1972 Nutrient accumulation and cycling in loblolly pine ( L.) plantation ecosystems: The first twenty yearsProceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 36 143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamm, C.O. 1989 Comparative and experimental approaches to the study of acid deposition effects on soils as substrate for forest growthAmbio 18 184Google Scholar
Tamm, C.O.Aronsson, A.Popovic, B.Flower-Ellis, J. 1999 Optimum Nutrition and Nitrogen Saturation in Scots Pine StandsUppsalaCoronet BooksGoogle Scholar
Tamm, C.O.Hallbäcken, L. 1988 Change in soil acidity in two forest areas with different acid deposition: 1920s to 1980sAmbio 17 56Google Scholar
Tamm, C.O.Popovic, B. 1995 Long-term field experiments simulating increased deposition of sulfur and nitrogen to forest plotsEcological Bulletins 44 301Google Scholar
Tansley, A.G. 1935 The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and termsEcology 16 70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarnocai, C.Canadell, J.G.Schuur, A.G. 2009 Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost regionGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles 23 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teeri, J.A.Stowe, L.G. 1976 Climatic patterns and the distribution of grasses in North AmericaOecologia 23 1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The Royal Society 2008
Thornley, J.H.M.Johnson, I.R. 1990 Plant and Crop Modelling: A Mathematical Approach to Plant and Crop Physiological ModellingOxfordClarendonGoogle Scholar
Tilman, D. 1999 The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: A search for general principlesEcology 80 1455Google Scholar
Trass, H.Malmer, N. 1973 North European approaches to classificationWhittaker, R.H.Ordination and Classification of CommunitiesThe HagueJunk529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troeng, E.Linder, S. 1982 Gas exchange in a 20-year-old stand of Scots pine I. Net photosynthesis of current and one-year-old shoots within and between seasonsPhysiologia Plantarum 54 7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troll, C. 1939 Luftbildplan und ökologische BodenforschungBerlinZeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde241Google Scholar
Turner, M.G.Gardner, R.H. 1991 Quantitative Methods in Landscape EcologyNew YorkSpringer VerlagCrossRef
Tyler, G. 1987 Probable effects of soil acidification and nitrogen deposition on the floristic composition of oak ( L.) forestsFlora (Jena)179Google Scholar
Uggla, E. 1957 En studie over bränningseffekten på ett tunt råhumustäcke (Effects of the fire on a thin layer of raw humus)Sveriges skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 2 155Google Scholar
Uggla, E. 1958 Forest fire areas in Muddus National Park, Northern SwedenActa Phytogeografica Suecica 41 1Google Scholar
US Soil Taxonomy 1999 A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil SurveysSoil Survey Staff United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture HandbookGoogle Scholar
Van Oene, H.Ågren, G.I. 1995 Complexity versus simplicity in modelling acid deposition effects on forest growthEcological Bulletins 44 352Google Scholar
van Oijen, M.Ågren, G.I.Chertov, O. 2008 Evaluation of past and future changes in European forest growth by means of four process-based modelsKahle, H.P.Karjalainen, T.Schuck, A.Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe – Results of the RECOGNITION ProjectLeidenBrill183Google Scholar
Vik, R. 1975 International Biological Programme. Final Report of Scandinavian CountriesOsloScandinavian National Committees of the International Biological ProgrammeGoogle Scholar
Viro, P.J. 1952 On the determination of stoninessCommunicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 40 1Google Scholar
Vitousek, P.M. 2004 Nutrient Cycling and Limitation – Hawai'i as a Model SystemPrinceton, NJPrinceton University PressGoogle Scholar
Vitousek, P.M.Walker, L.R.Whiteaker, L.D.Mueller-Dombois, D.Matson, P.A. 1987 Biological invasion by alters ecosystem development in HawaiiScience 238 802CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volterra, V. 1926 Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d'individui in specie animali conviventi (Variations and fluctuations of the number of individuals in animal species living together)Memorie della Rendiconti dell' Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 2 31Google Scholar
von Liebig, J. 1840 Die Chemie in der Anwendung auf Agrikultur und Physiologie. 7 AuflBraunschweigFriedrich Vieweg und Sohn Publ. CoGoogle Scholar
Walker, T.W.Syers, J.K. 1976 The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesisGeoderma 15 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, E.J.Oren, R.Sigurdsson, B.D.Jarvis, P.G.Linder, S. 2008 Fertilization effects on mean stomatal conductance are mediated through changes in the hydraulic attributes of mature Norway spruce treesTree Physiology 28 579CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, M.G.Stocks, B.J. 1998 Forest fires and sustainability in the Boreal forests of CanadaAmbio 27 545Google Scholar
Weber, M.G.van Cleve, K. 2005 The Boreal forests of North AmericaAndersson, F.Ecosystems of the World 6 AmsterdamElsevier101Google Scholar
Whittaker, R.H. 1975 Communities and EcosystemsNew YorkMacmillanGoogle Scholar
Williams, J.Prebble, R.E.Williams, W.T.Hignett, C.T. 1983 The influence of texture, structure and clay mineralogy on the soil moisture characteristicAustralian Journal of Soil Research 21 15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WMO 2008
Wright, R.F.Rasmussen, L. 1998 The whole ecosystem experiments of the NITREX and EXMAN projectsForest Ecology and Management 101 1CrossRef
Xu, X.Tian, H.Hui, D. 2008 Convergence in the relationship of CO2 and N2O exchanges between soil and atmosphere within terrestrial ecosystemsGlobal Change Biology 14 1651CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Göran I. Ågren, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Folke O. Andersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
  • Book: Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894572.027
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Göran I. Ågren, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Folke O. Andersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
  • Book: Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894572.027
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Göran I. Ågren, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Folke O. Andersson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
  • Book: Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894572.027
Available formats
×