Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- Preface to the first edition
- Preface to the second edition
- Table of cases
- Table of agreements
- 1 ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND THE LAW OF THE WTO
- 2 THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
- 3 WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- 4 PRINCIPLES OF NON-DISCRIMINATION
- 5 RULES ON MARKET ACCESS
- 6 RULES ON UNFAIR TRADE
- 7 TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS OTHER SOCIETAL VALUES AND INTERESTS
- 8 TOWARDS HARMONISATION OF NATIONAL REGULATION
- Epilogue
- Index
5 - RULES ON MARKET ACCESS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- Preface to the first edition
- Preface to the second edition
- Table of cases
- Table of agreements
- 1 ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION AND THE LAW OF THE WTO
- 2 THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
- 3 WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- 4 PRINCIPLES OF NON-DISCRIMINATION
- 5 RULES ON MARKET ACCESS
- 6 RULES ON UNFAIR TRADE
- 7 TRADE LIBERALISATION VERSUS OTHER SOCIETAL VALUES AND INTERESTS
- 8 TOWARDS HARMONISATION OF NATIONAL REGULATION
- Epilogue
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION
There can be no international trade without access to the domestic markets of other countries. It is important for countries, traders and service suppliers to have secure, predictable and growing access to markets of other countries. Rules on market access are, therefore, at the core of WTO law.
Market access for goods and services from other countries is impeded or restricted in various ways. There are two main categories of barriers to market access:
tariff barriers; and
non-tariff barriers.
The category of tariff barriers primarily includes customs duties, i.e. tariffs. Tariff barriers are particularly relevant for trade in goods; they are of marginal importance for trade in services. The category of non-tariff barriers includes quantitative restrictions (such as quotas) and ‘other non-tariff barriers’ (such as lack of transparency of trade regulation, unfair and arbitrary application of trade regulation, customs formalities, technical barriers to trade and government procurement practices). These ‘other non-tariff barriers’ undoubtedly constitute the largest and most diverse sub-category of non-tariff barriers.
As set out in the Preamble to the WTO Agreement, WTO Members pursue the objectives of higher standards of living, full employment, growth and sustainable economic development by:
entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade.
The substantial reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers to market access is, together with the elimination of discrimination, the key instrument of the WTO to achieve its overall objectives.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Law and Policy of the World Trade OrganizationText, Cases and Materials, pp. 401 - 506Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008