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17 - Genetic approaches to treating and preventing symptoms in patients with cancer

from Section 2 - Cancer Symptom Mechanisms and Models: Clinical and Basic Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

By
Qiuling Shi  and
Charles S. Cleeland
Edited by
Charles S. Cleeland ,
Michael J. Fisch  and
Adrian J. Dunn
Qiuling Shi
Affiliation:
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Charles S. Cleeland
Affiliation:
The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Charles S. Cleeland
Affiliation:
University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Michael J. Fisch
Affiliation:
University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Adrian J. Dunn
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
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Summary

Disease-related and treatment-related symptoms vary among patients with cancer, even when disease severity and treatment modality are comparable. Numerous studies document that age, gender, race/ethnicity, mood states, and other environmental factors can influence the individual's symptom experience. However, the large interindividual variation not explained by such factors suggests that genetic characteristics may contribute to the variability. Genetic variations and the differences in proteins they encode affect individuals' predispositions to symptoms and to other common diseases. As a complex process, development of cancer-related symptoms is influenced by multiple genetic variations, each of which makes a small contribution to the patient's overall symptom susceptibility.

Identifying the associations between cancer-related symptoms and common genetic variations provides several potential benefits. First, investigating the relationship between patients' genetic variations and their predispositions to certain symptoms may reveal the biological mechanisms or pathways governing symptom development. Second, determining the genotypes that are highly correlated to specific symptoms may help clinicians identify patients who have a high risk for symptom burden and who would benefit from preventive therapy. Third, using genotypes to evaluate an individual patient's sensitivity to specific treatments could enable clinicians to manage multiple symptoms by targeting underlying biological mechanisms instead of treating individual symptoms empirically (eg, stimulants for fatigue, opioids for pain). Controlling or even preventing symptoms in such a personalized way would potentially benefit thousands of cancer patients and survivors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cancer Symptom Science
Measurement, Mechanisms, and Management
 , pp. 192 - 205
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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