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15 - Georegistration of meteorological images

from PART IV - Applications and Operational Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2011

By
James L. Carr
Edited by
Jacqueline Le Moigne ,
Nathan S. Netanyahu  and
Roger D. Eastman
James L. Carr
Affiliation:
Carr Astronautics, Washington, DC
Jacqueline Le Moigne
Affiliation:
NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center
Nathan S. Netanyahu
Affiliation:
Bar-Ilan University, Israel and University of Maryland, College Park
Roger D. Eastman
Affiliation:
Loyola University Maryland
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Summary

Abstract

Meteorological images are acquired routinely from Sun-synchronous and geostationary platforms to meet the needs of operational forecasting and climate researchers. In the future, polar regions may be covered from Molniya orbits as well. The use of geostationary and Molniya orbits permits rapid revisits to the same site for the purpose of observing the evolution of weather systems. The large orbital altitudes for these systems introduce special problems for controlling georegistration error. This chapter reviews the subject of georegistration for meteorological data, emphasizing approaches for measuring and controlling georegistration error.

Introduction to meteorological satellites

Meteorological satellite images are captured from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) using visible, infrared (IR), and microwave bands. The U.S. Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) are two such LEO systems with operational histories reaching back into the 1960s. Future LEO meteorological remote sensing needs will be fulfilled by the U.S. National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and by the European MetOp satellites (a series of polar orbiting meteorological satellites operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), using instruments from the USA and Europe. The U.S. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program and the European METEOSAT program are two such GEO programs with similarly long operational histories. Japan and India have also operated GEO weather satellites and will continue to do so in the future.

Type
Chapter
Information
Image Registration for Remote Sensing , pp. 339 - 354
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

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