Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T07:59:22.017Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - The WTO and development policy in China and India

from PART I - China, India and the global trade system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2011

Joel P. Trachtman
Affiliation:
Tufts University
Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Jiangyu Wang
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Get access

Summary

Introduction

China and India are the two largest developing countries by population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Together they account for one third of the world's population and approximately one sixth of the world's GDP. Together, they account for half of the world's poor. They have experienced remarkable growth over the past decade. How does the (WTO) World Trade Organization figure in the further growth of China and India?

Both China and India were original members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 (GATT). The government of Taiwan purported to withdraw China from the GATT after the 1949 revolution, and China famously acceded to the WTO at the end of 2001. China and India are individually and collectively an important force at the WTO. Their presence is even more critical because of their role as developing countries. However, these two countries demonstrate well that the group of developing countries is diverse, and is not always united in its interests. While China, India and a handful of other large developing countries can be expected to lead the developing country bloc, this bloc includes a good deal of diversity of interest.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amsden, Alice, The Rise of “the Rest”: Challenges to the West from Late Industrializing Economies (Oxford University Press, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amsden, Alice H. and Hikino, Takashi, “The bark is worse than the bite: New WTO law and late industrialization” (2000) 570 The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhagwati, Jagdish, “The poor's best hope,” The Economist, June 20, 2002
Birdsall, Nancy and Torre, Augusto, Washington Contentious: Economic Policies for Social Equity in Latin America (Washington DC: Carnegie, 2001)Google Scholar
Canada: Administration of the Foreign Investment Review Act, BISD 30S/140, 1984
Chow, Gregory C., “The impact of joining the WTO on China's economic, legal and political institutions” (2003) 8 Pacific Economic Review105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Committee on Trade and Development, Implementation of Special and Differential Treatment Provisions in the WTO Agreements and Decisions, WT/COMTD/W/77, October 25, 2000
Communication from Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, Proposal for a Framework Agreement on Special and Differential Treatment, WT/GC/W/442, September 19, 2001
Denters, Eric, ASIL Insight: Manipulation of Exchange Rates in International Law: The Chinese Yuan, November 2003, available at www.asil.org/insights/insigh118.htm
Finger, J. Michael, “A diplomat's economics: Development and trade perspectives on the Doha Agenda,” working paper dated May 10, 2002
Finger, J. MichaelThe Doha Agenda and Development: A View from the Uruguay Round (Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2002)Google Scholar
Finger, J. Michael and Winters, L. Alan, “Reciprocity in the WTO,” in Hoekman, B., Mattoo, A. and English, P. (eds.), Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook (Washington DC: The World Bank, 2002)Google Scholar
Gallagher, Kevin P. (ed.), Putting Development First: The Importance of Policy Space in the WTO and International Financial Institutions (London: Zed Books, 2005)
Hoekman, Bernard, “Strengthening the global trade architecture for development: The post-Doha agenda” (2002) 1 World Trade Review23–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoekman, Bernard, Michalopolous, Constantine and Winters, L. Alan, “Special and differential treatment in the WTO: Moving Forward” (2004) 27 The World Economy481CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudec, Robert E., Developing Countries in the GATT Legal System (Aldershot, UK: Gower, 1987)Google Scholar
Indonesia: Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile Industry, WT/DS54,55,59,64/R, adopted July 23, 1998
Jackson, John H., World Trade and the Law of the GATT: A Legal Analysis of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969)Google Scholar
Keck, Alexander and Low, Patrick, “Special and Differential Treatment in the WTO: Why, when and how?” (May 2004) WTO Economic Research and Statistics Division, Staff Working Paper ERSD-2004–03, available at www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd200403_e.htm
Lichtenbaum, Peter, “‘Special treatment’ vs. ‘Equal participation’: Striking a balance in the Doha negotiations” (2002) 17 American University International Law Review1004Google Scholar
Low, Patrick and Subramanian, Arvind, “Beyond TRIMS: A case for multilateral action on investment rules and competition policy?” in Martin, Will and Winters, L. Alan (eds.), The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries (Cambridge University Press, 1997)Google Scholar
Make Trade Fair, Rigged Rules and Double Standards: Trade, Globalisation and the Fight Against Poverty (2002), available at www.maketradefair.com
McCulloch, Neil, Winters, L. Alan and Cirera, Xavier, Trade Liberalization and Poverty: A Handbook (London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2001)Google Scholar
Michalopoulous, Constantine, “Developing country strategies for the Millennium Round” (1999) 33(5) Journal of World Trade1Google Scholar
Michalopoulous, Constantine“The role of special and differential treatment for developing countries in GATT and the World Trade Organization” (July 2000) Policy Research Working Paper 2388, available at www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer /IW3P/IB/2000/08/26/000094946_00081505321046/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf
Ozden, Caglar and Reinhardt, Eric, “The perversity of preferences: GSP and developing country trade policies, 1976–2000,” working paper dated May 24, 2002, available at http://userwww.service.emory.edu/∼erein/research/gsp2.pdf
“Planning Commission, Government of India, Tenth Five-Year Plan 2002–2007,” available at http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/welcome.html
Rodrik, Dani, “The economics of export-performance requirements” (1987) 102 Quarterly Journal of Economics633CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrik, Dani“How to make the trade regime work for development” (2004), available at http://ksghome.harvard.edu/∼drodrik/How%20to%20Make%20Trade%20Work.pdf
Rodrik, Dani“What's so special about China's exports?” (January 2006) NBER Working Paper No. 11947, available at www.nber.org/papers/w11947
Rodrik, Dani and Rodríguez, Francisco, “Trade policy and economic growth: A skeptic's guide to the cross-national evidence,” in Ben, Bernanke and Kenneth, S. Rogoff (eds.), Macroeconomics Annual 2000 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001)Google Scholar
Rodrik, Dani and Subramanian, Arvind, “From ‘Hindu growth’ to productivity surge: The mystery of the Indian growth transition,” (2004) IMF Working Paper WP/04/77 4, available at www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp0477.pdf
Rumbaugh, Thomas and Blancher, Nicolas, “China: International trade and WTO accession” (March 2004) IMF Working Paper No. WP/04/36, 3
Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Woo, Wing Thae, “Understanding China's economic performance” (2000) 4(1) Journal of Policy ReformGoogle Scholar
Stewart, Terence, “China in the WTO – Year 3: A research report prepared for the U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission,” (January 2005), available at www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2005/05_01_21_china_inthe_wto.htm
Stiglitz, Joseph E., Globalization and its Discontents (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2002)Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal, “Balance-of-payments crises in the developing world: Balancing trade, finance and development in the new economic order” (2000) American University International Law Review 1249
UN, Least Developed Countries available at www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/list.htm
Whalley, John, “Special and differential treatment in a Millennium Round” (May 1999) GCSR Working Paper 30/99, available at www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/csgr/research/working papers 1999/wp3099.pdf
,WTO Secretariat, “Special and differential treatment in the Millennium Round” (1999) 22 The World Economy1065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woo, Wing Thae, “Recent claims of China's economic exceptionalism: Reflections inspired by WTO accession,” working paper dated May 2001
,World Trade Organization, Accession of the People's Republic of China, decision of 10 November, 2001, WT/L/432, available at www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/completeacc_e.htm#chn (hereinafter, “Protocol of Accession”)
,WTO Appellate Body Report, European Communities – Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries, WT/DS246/AB/R, adopted April 20, 2004
,WTO Appellate Body Report, India – Quantitative Restrictions on Imports of Agricultural, Textile and Industrial Products, AB-1999–3, WT/DS90/AB/R, adopted September 22, 1999
,WTO Panel Report, India – Measures Affecting the Automotive Sector, WT/DS146,175/R, panel report December 21, 2001 (appeal withdrawn), adopted April 5, 2002
,WTO Panel Report,India – Quantitative Restrictions on Imports of Agricultural, Textile and Industrial Products, WT/DS90/R, April 6, 1999
,WTO Panel Report,United States – Measures Treating Export Restraints as Subsidies, WT/DS194/R, adopted August 23, 2001
,WTO Secretariat, Trade Policy Review, India, WT/PR/S/100, May 22, 2002 (hereinafter 2002 India TPR), available at www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tpr_e.htm
,WTO Secretariat, Trade Policy Review, People's Republic of China, WT/TPR/S/161, dated 28 February 2006, p. 65, available at www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp262_e.htm (hereinafter, 2006 China TPR)
Zhang, Xiaoji and Long, Guoqiang, “China's industrial policies in the process of marketization,” in Seiichi, Masuyama, Donna, Vandenbrink and Siow, Yue Chia (eds.), Industrial Policies in East Asia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997)Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×