Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- 193 Intestinal Roundworms
- 194 Tissue Nematodes
- 195 Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
- 196 Tapeworms (Cestodes)
- 197 Toxoplasma
- 198 Malaria: Treatment and Prophylaxis
- 199 Human Babesiosis
- 200 Trypanosomiases and Leishmaniases
- 201 Intestinal Protozoa
- 202 Extraintestinal Amebic Infection
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
198 - Malaria: Treatment and Prophylaxis
from Part XXIV - Specific Organisms – Parasites
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- 193 Intestinal Roundworms
- 194 Tissue Nematodes
- 195 Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
- 196 Tapeworms (Cestodes)
- 197 Toxoplasma
- 198 Malaria: Treatment and Prophylaxis
- 199 Human Babesiosis
- 200 Trypanosomiases and Leishmaniases
- 201 Intestinal Protozoa
- 202 Extraintestinal Amebic Infection
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Malaria is the most important parasitic infection that causes disease in humans. More than a million persons, mostly children, die each year from malaria. It is also one of the most common causes of fever in returned travelers and recent immigrants from malaria-endemic areas.
Malaria is primarily caused by infection with 1 of 4 Plasmodium species: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. Occasionally human infection with a monkey malaria parasite, such as P. knowlesi, occurs. Treating malaria appropriately requires knowledge of the infecting species, the likely location in which the infection was acquired, and the geographic patterns of drug resistance. Figure 198.1 shows the worldwide distribution of malaria. When there is any doubt about the infecting species, the clinician should treat for the worst-case scenario, chloroquineresistant P. falciparum (CRPF) malaria. Malaria caused by P. vivax and P. ovale may leave dormant forms, hypnozoites, in the liver after the blood phase has been eradicated. Thus, treatment of these two infections requires eradication of the erythrocytic phase followed by a second drug to eradicate the liver phase (terminal prophylaxis).
CLINICAL ASPECTS
Because death from malaria can occur within several days of the onset of symptoms, it is necessary to consider a febrile illness in a patient from a malarious endemic area to be a medical emergency. This is particularly so when symptoms begin within the first 2 months of arrival because more than 90% of those with malaria caused by P. falciparum present within this time.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1371 - 1380Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008