Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- 165 Mycoplasma
- 166 Chlamydia Pneumoniae
- 167 Chlamydia Psittaci (Psittacosis)
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
166 - Chlamydia Pneumoniae
from Part XX - Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- 165 Mycoplasma
- 166 Chlamydia Pneumoniae
- 167 Chlamydia Psittaci (Psittacosis)
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
The first isolates of Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae were obtained serendipitously during trachoma studies in the 1960s. After the recovery of a similar isolate from the respiratory tract of a college student with pneumonia in Seattle, Grayston and colleagues applied the designation TWAR after their first two isolates, TW-183 and AR-39. C. pneumoniae appears to be a common human respiratory pathogen. The mode of transmission remains uncertain but probably involves infected respiratory tract secretions. Spread of C. pneumoniae within families and enclosed populations such as military recruits has been described. The proportion of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults associated with C. pneumoniae infection has ranged from 0% to >44%, varying with geographic location, the age group examined, and the diagnostic methods used. Early studies that relied on serology suggested that infection in children younger than 5 years was rare; however, subsequent studies using culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have found the prevalence of infection in children beyond early infancy to be similar to that found in adults.
Studies that have used culture have found a poor correlation with serology, especially in children. Although 7% to 13% of children 6 months to 16 years of age enrolled in two multi center pneumonia treatment studies were culture positive and 7% to 18% met the serologic criteria for acute infection with the microimmunofluorecence (MIF) test, they were not the same patients. Only 1% to 3% of the culture- positive children met the serologic criteria, and approximately 70% were seronegative.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1157 - 1160Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008